Insect Control

NOTES:  For the insecticides listed below, one product trade name and formulation is provided for each active ingredient (AI) as an example of rates, preharvest interval (PHI), restricted entry interval (REI), and special instructions. In many cases, there are other products available with the same AI. Please see Table 26 and Insecticides Alphabetical Listing by Trade Name for more information on these insecticides.

The designation (Bee: L, M, or H) indicates a bee toxicity rating of low, moderate, or high. See the Protecting Honeybees and Native Pollinators section for more details.

The symbol * indicates a product is a restricted use pesticide. See Pesticide Safety and Use for more details.

The symbol OG   indicates a product is listed by the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) as approved for use in organic production. See Organic Certification section for more details.

Caution: Insecticides should not be applied when bees are active in the field.  Avoid products with high or moderate bee toxicity during bloom. If application of an insecticide is necessary while the crop is blooming, select products with low bee toxicity or with short residual period; apply in the evening after the bees have left the field. See Protecting Honeybees and Native Pollinators in the Insect Management section for more suggestions on how to avoid harmful effects on pollinators.

Aphids, Green Peach (Myzus persicae ) and Melon (Aphis gossypii)

Aphids found in cucurbits include green peach aphid and melon aphid. See Peppers for more information about green peach aphid. Melon aphid has a wide host range; vegetable crops attacked include cucurbits, asparagus, pepper, eggplant and okra. Among cucurbits, it is more serious on cucumber, muskmelon and watermelon than in squash and pumpkins. Varieties differ in susceptibility. Melon aphid overwinters in the north on woody plants including catalpa and rose of Sharon; more southerly, adults survive on cold tolerant plants including spinach and dock. Life cycle is similar to green peach aphid; winged females colonize crops in early summer, and wingless females produce live young for about 15 days (70 to 80 offspring per female) resulting in multiple generations. The time from birth to reproductive adult can be 1 week. Wingless females are 1 to 2 mm long. Color varies from light green mottled with dark green (most common) to white, yellowish or dark green. The cornicles at the tip of the abdomen are always black, a key diagnostic feature. Melon aphid outbreaks are more common in hot, dry weather.

Infestations occur on undersides of leaves where aphids extract plant sap with their piecing sucking mouthparts. Feeding causes yellowing, puckering, leaf curling, and leaf death at high numbers along with shiny honeydew deposits and buildup of sooty mold. Viruses transmitted by melon aphid include cucumber mosaic, watermelon mosaic, and zucchini yellow mosaic. Because transmission occurs within 15 seconds of feeding, insecticides may not prevent initial virus infection though they may reduce its spread in the crop. Oils may reduce virus transmission but test for phytotoxicity.

Use of reflective or row covers to prevent early infestation and virus transmission. Reflective mulch confuses aphid orientation and reduces their ability to locate and infest plants.  Direct seeding is recommended in reflective mulch for maximum effectiveness. When using row cover, apply immediately after setting transplants or seeding, and be sure transplants were not infested while in the greenhouse. Cultivars differ in susceptibility to aphid buildup and to virus; plant resistant varieties if they are available. Separate early and late plantings.

Scout for aphids beginning in mid-June by searching undersides of leaves on runners. If 20% of runners or more have live aphids treatment may be needed. Good coverage of undersides of leaves is needed with materials that require direct contact with pest; translaminar products help to reach aphid feeding sites. Use selective insecticides for other pests to conserve natural enemies.

alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac* EC): 3.4 to 3.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

acetamiprid (Assail 30 SG): 2.5 to 4 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 4A.

afidopyropen (Sefina): 3 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12 h, Group 9D.

azadirachtin (Azatin OOG): 4 to 16 oz/A foliar or drench, 4 to 16 oz/100 gal in greenhouses. When using lower rates, combine with adjuvant for improved spray coverage and translaminar uptake; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee:L, Group UN.

bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 2.6 to 6.4 oz/A (PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1 (GrandevoOG): 2 to 3 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group UN.

cyantraniliprole (Exirel): 13.5 to 20.5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 28.

cyantraniliprole (Verimark): 6.75 to 13.5 oz/A cotton and melon aphid, 10 to 13.5  oz/A gren peach aphid; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H, Group 28. For soil applicationes at planting, or drip chemigation during first half of crop growing cycle.

cyclaniliprole (Harvanta): 10.9 to 16.4 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H, Group 28.

dimethoate (Dimethoate 4EC): 0.5 to 1 pt/A for watermelon; 1 pt/A for other melons; PHI 3d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 1B. Do not use on cucumbers.

dinotefuran (Safari 20SG): 0.16 to 0.32 oz/1,000 sq ft; 3.5 to 7 oz/100 gal; 7 to 14 oz/A; REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4. Cucumber and melon transplants only, while in greenhouse. Not for use on field or greenhouse grown crops.

dinotefuran (Venom): 1 to 4 dry oz/A foliar or 5 to 7.5 dry oz/A soil; PHI 1d foliar, PHI 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Soil application may be as a band during bedding, in-furrow at seeding, transplant or post-seeding drench, sidedress or through drip. Do not apply to vegetables grown for seed.

flonicamid (Beleaf 50SG): 2 to 2.8 oz/A; 2.8 to 4.28 oz/A or 0.065 to 0.1 oz/1000 sq ft for greenhouse cucumbers; PHI 0d, REI 12, Bee: L, Group 9C.

flupyradifurone (Sivanto): 7 to 12 oz/A foliar, 21 to 28 oz/A soil; PHI 1d foliar, PHI 11d soil, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 4D.

gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.54 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

imidacloprid (Admire Pro): 7 to 10.5 oz/A soil; 0.44 fl oz/10,000 plants on seedling transplants in greenhouse; PHI 21d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Planthouse applications only provide short-term protection; an additional field application must be made within 2 weeks following transplanting to provide continuous protection. Not for foliar applications.

insecticidal soap (M-PedeOG): 1.25 to 2.5 oz/gal water; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L. Spray to wet all infested plant surfaces. May require repeated applications. Apply with a labeled companion insecticide on green peach aphids; on other aphids, use of a companion insecticide is recommended for enhanced and residual control.

lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.92 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

malathion (Malathion 57 EC): 1.5 pt/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h cucumber, 12h melons, Bee: H, Group 1B. Do not apply unless plants are dry.

methomyl (Lannate* LV): 1.5 to 3 pt/A; PHI 1d for 1.5 pt/A; PHI 3d for over 1.5 pt/A, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 1A. For melon aphid.

oxamyl (Vydate* L): 2 to 4 pt/A; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 1A.

petroleum oil (Suffoil XOG): 1 to 2 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply as needed.

pymetrozine (Fulfill): 2.75 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 9A. Selective control of aphids including melon and green peach aphid. Translaminar. Apply before populations build up.

pyrethrin (PyGanic EC5.0OG): 4.5 to 17 oz/A; 0.25 to 0.50 oz/gal, 3 gal/1000 sq ft in greenhouse for backpack sprayers; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 3A.

sodium tetraborohydrate decahydrate (Prev-AM): 100 oz/100 gal; REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 25. Do not apply in midday sun or mix with copper, sulfur or oils.

thiamethoxam (Actara): 1.5 to 3 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4.

thiamethoxam (Platinum): 5 to 11 oz/A; PHI 30d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4. Systemic insecticide used as an in-furrow, banded, drench, or drip irrigation application to the seed/seedling root zone during or after planting/transplanting or shanked into root zone after transplanting or establishment. DO NOT apply as a foliar spray.

tolfenpyrad (Torac): 17 to 21 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12 h, Bee: H, Group 21A.

Cucumber Beetle, Striped (Acalymma vittatum) and Spotted (Diabrotica undecimpunctata)

Striped cucumber beetle is a key pest of all cucurbit crops in New England, one that requires cultural and often chemical controls to prevent direct feeding damage and transmission of bacterial wilt.  Adult beetles are 7 mm long, are yellow with 3 black stripes that reach the end of the forewings, and have a yellow thorax and black head. Adults overwinter primarily in field edges near last year's crop, with a small proportion remaining in the field. With the onset of warm days (> 50°F), beetles feed on pollen in early-blooming wild plants. High tunnel and greenhouse cucumbers draw beetles first, followed by early field crops. Eggs are laid in soil at the base of the stem, and larvae feed on roots. After pupation in the soil, 'summer adults' emerge, generally in late-July and August. Summer adults feed until early fall, when they move to overwintering sites. Some may produce a second generation which emerges in the fall. There is one generation per year in northern New England and a partial second generation in southern New England.

Beetles can colonize a field very rapidly. Adults cause direct feeding damage to cotyledons (often as gouges on underside), leaves (ragged holes) and the base of the stem (wounds and scars). Wounds on the stem allow entry of soil-borne pathogens. Once flowering begins, beetles congregate in flowers.  At high numbers, adults may cause pits and scars on fruit. Larval root feeding, hidden but important, reduces plant vigor and yield. The striped cucumber beetle also vectors Erwinia tracheiphila, the causal agent of bacterial wilt. The pathogen overwinters in the beetle gut, and is transmitted through fecal material deposited in feeding wounds. The bacteria then invade the vascular system of the plant. Non-infected beetles can become infected by feeding on infected plants. Cucumber and muskmelon are highly susceptible to wilt; watermelon is not. Seedlings at the cotyledon and 1- to 3-leaf stage are more susceptible to infection with bacterial wilt than older plants. Thus, it is especially important to keep beetle numbers low before the 5-leaf stage.

Use crop rotation, moving spring crops as far as possible from last year’s fields and overwintering areas. Exclude beetles by using use row covers, supported by hoops to prevent abrasion; remove at flowering to allow pollination. Use transplants so that plants reach at least the 3- to 4-leaf stage before beetles arrive. Some repellents or systemic insecticides may be applied to transplants outside the greenhouse before setting in the field, and some may be applied through drip irrigation. See cucumber beetle in the insect control section of Pumpkin, Squash and Gourds for information on using trap crops to protect a main crop of cucumbers and melons from beetle damage.

Scout twice per week from emergence to 3-leaf stage, then weekly. Count beetles per plant and note damage to leaves and stems. The economic threshold depends on the crop. To prevent bacterial wilt in highly susceptible crops such as cucumber, muskmelons, summer squash, and zucchini, treat when there is 1 beetle for every 2 plants. Less wilt-susceptible crops (butternut, watermelon, most pumpkins) will tolerate 1 or 2 beetles per plant without yield losses. Spray within 24 hours after the threshold is reached. Timely and effective early control will prevent the need for sprays during flowering when bees are active in the crop. There are few options for bee-friendly insecticides to use during flowering; if sprays are needed, apply in the evening after bees have stopped foraging. 

Spotted cucumber beetle does not overwinter here but disperses from more southern areas, reaching New England in mid to late-summer.  Also known as southern corn rootworm, it feeds in a very wide range of crops and weeds and is often found in flowers. Adults are yellowish green with 12 black spots and a black head.  Immature stages are in the soil. This pest rarely builds up to damaging levels in New England.

acetamiprid (Assail 30 SG): 2.5 to 5.3 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A.

alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac* EC): 3.0 to 3.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

azadirachtin & pyrethrins (AzeraOG): 16 to 56 oz/A foliar, drench, and greenhouse applications; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Groups UN & 3A.

beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid* XL): 2.4 to 2.8 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

bifenthrin (Brigade* 2 EC): 2.6 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

carbaryl (Sevin XLR Plus): 1 qt/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 1A. Do not apply when foliage is wet.

cryolite (Prokil Cryolite): 8 to 16 lb/A; PHI 14d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group UN. Melons only.

cyclaniliprole (Harvanta): 10.9 to 16.4 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H, Group 28.

deltamethrin (Delta Gold*): 1.5 to 2.4 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

dinotefuran (Venom): 1 to 4 oz/A foliar; PHI 1d, REI 12 hr, Bee: H, Group 4A. Do not apply to vegetables grown for seed.

esfenvalerate (Asana* XL): 5.8 to 9.6 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

fenpropathrin (Danitol* 2.4EC): 10.66 to 16 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 24, Bee: H, Group 3. Control may be improved by the addition of a non-ionic surfactant. Do not apply during bloom or if bees are actively foraging.

gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

imidacloprid (Admire Pro): 7 to 10.5 oz/A; PHI 21d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Soil applications only.

kaolin (Surround WPOG): 25 to 50 lb/A or 1/4 to 1/2 lb/gal for backpack sprayer; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Suppression and repellence only. May be applied to transplants prior to setting in field. Use on seedlings and young plants. Product residue may need to be washed off if applied after fruit set. White residue may be minimized if applications stop when fruit is 1/4 of its expected harvest size. Follow label instructions for mixing. Generally compatible as a tank mix with other insecticides.

lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

malathion (Malathion 57 EC): 2 pt/A for watermelons, 1.6 pt/A for all other melons; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 1B. Melons only.

methomyl (Lannate* LV): 1.5 to 3 pt/A; PHI 1d for 1.5 pt/A, PHI 3d for over 1.5 pt/A, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 1A.

permethrin (Pounce* 25WP): 6.4 to 12.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

pyrethrin (PyGanic EC5.0OG): 4.5 to 17 oz/A; 0.25 to 0.50 oz/gal, 3 gal/1000 sq ft in greenhouse for backpack sprayers; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 3A.

thiamethoxam (Actara): 3 to 5.5 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4.

thiamethoxam (Platinum): 5 to 11 oz/A; PHI 30d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4. Systemic insecticide used as an in-furrow, banded, drench, or drip irrigation application to the seed/seedling root zone during or after planting/transplanting or shanked into root zone after transplanting or establishment. DO NOT apply as a foliar spray. Suppression only.

zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang*): 3 to 4.3 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

Cutworms

See cutworms in the Pepper and Tomato (Outdoor) sections for more information on the black and variegated cutworms.

alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac* EC): 1.4 to 3.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai (XenTariOG): 0.5 to 1.5 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 11. Must be ingested; apply in evening before larvae are actively feeding. Adherence and weather-fastness will improve with use of an approved spreader-sticker. Use high rate at cool temperatures.

beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid* XL): 0.8 to 1.6 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 2.6 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

deltamethrin (Delta Gold*): 1 to 2.4 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

esfenvalerate (Asana* XL): 5.8 to 9.6 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A. Seedling spray only.

gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

methomyl (Lannate* LV): 1.5 pt/A; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 1A. For variegated cutworm.

permethrin (Pounce* 25WP): 6.4 to 12.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

spinosad (SeduceOG): 20 to 44 lb/A or 0.5 to1 lb/1000 sq ft; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group 5. Spread bait on soil around plants; reapply after heavy rain or at least every 2 to 4 weeks but not more than 3 times per 30 days.

zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang*): 1.4 to 4.3 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.  

Seedcorn Maggot (Delia platura)

See seedcorn maggot in the Beans insect control section for more information.

cyantraniliprole (Verimark): 10 to 13.5 oz/A soil; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H, Group 28. Apply as in-furrow spray or transplant tray drench no earlier than 72 hours prior to planting in field, or as transplant water treatment, hill drench, or surface band.

dimethoate (Dimethoate 4EC): 0.5 to 1 pt/A for watermelon; 1 pt/A for other melons; PHI 3d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 1B. Do not use on cucumbers. 

Squash Bug (Anasa tristis)

See squash bugs in the insect control section of Pumpkin and Squash for more on life cycle, monitoring, and management.

acetamiprid (Assail 30 SG): 5.3 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 4A. Most effective on newly laid eggs and nymphs.

alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac* EC): 3.0 to 3.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee:H, Group 3A.

azadirachtin (Azatin OOG): 4 to 16 oz/A foliar or drench, 4 to 16 oz/100 gal in greenhouses. When using lower rates, combine with adjuvant for improved spray coverage and translaminar uptake; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group UN.

azadirachtin & pyrethrins (AzeraOG): 16 to 56 oz/A foliar, drench, and greenhouse applications; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Groups UN & 3A.

bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 2.6 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

carbaryl (Sevin XLR Plus): 1 qt/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 1A. Do not apply when foliage is wet. Apply sufficient spray volume for thorough coverage; time sprays for early morning or late afternoon. Repeated application may cause plant injury. For squash bug only.

dinotefuran (Venom): 1 to 4 dry oz/A foliar or 5 to 7.5 dry oz/A soil; PHI 1d foliar, PHI 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. For squash bug only. Do not apply to vegetables grown for seed.

esfenvalerate (Asana* XL): 5.8 to 9.6 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

fenpropathrin (Danitol* 2.4EC): 10.66 to 16 oz/A Danitol 2.4EC; PHI 7d, REI 24, Bee: H, Group 3. Do not apply during bloom or if bees are actively foraging.

flupyradifurone (Sivanto): 10.5 to 14 oz/A foliar; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee:L, Group 4D. Foliar applications only. 

gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

permethrin (Pounce* 25WP): 6.4 to 12.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A. Use high rate for squash bugs.

zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang*): 3 to 4.3 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.  

Two-spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae)

Also known as Red Spider Mite. Outbreaks are often caused by the use of broad-spectrum insecticides that kill beneficial insects that normally keep two-spotted spider mites (TSSM) populations in check. Watch for white speckling on the upper surface of leaves or webbing on the undersurface around leaf veins. Avoid early-season, broad-spectrum insecticide applications for other pests. Use selective products whenever possible.  With most miticides (not bifenazate), use 2 applications, approximately 5 to 7 days apart, to help control immature mites that were in the egg stage and protected during the first application.  TSSM are prone to developing pesticide resistance so be sure to alternate between products after 2 applications to help prevent or delay resistance. For more information on TSSM, see the Eggplant section.

abamectin (Agri-Mek* SC): 1.75 to 3.5 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 6. Must be mixed with a non-ionic wetting, spreading and/or penetrating spray adjuvant; do not use binder or sticker type adjuvant.

bifenazate (Acramite 50WS): 0.75 to 1 lb/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 25.

bifenthrin (Brigade* 2 EC): 5.1 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

etoxazole (Zeal): 2 to 3 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 10B. Do not apply more than once per season.

fenpropathrin (Danitol* 2.4EC): 10.66 to 16 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 24, Bee: H, Group 3. Control may be improved by the addition of a non-ionic surfactant.

fenpyroximate (Portal XLO): 2 pt/A; PHI 3d, REI 12 hr, Bee: L, Group 21A. A selective contact miticide. Melons only.

gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.54 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

insecticidal soap (M-PedeOG): 1.25 to 2.5 oz/gal water; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L. Spray to wet all infested plant surfaces. May require repeated applications. Use of a companion labeled insecticide is recommended for enhanced and residual control.

malathion (Malathion 57 EC): 1.5 pt/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 1B. Melons only.

Metarhizium anisopliae Strain F52 (Met 52 EC): 40 to 80 oz/100 gal (drench), 8 to 64 oz/A (foliar); PHI 0d, REI 0h, Bee:L, Group UN.

neem oil (TrilogyOG): 0.5 to 2% solution in 25 to 100 gal water/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group 18. Avoid mid-day applications and ensure good coverage.

petroleum oil (Suffoil XOG): 1 to 2 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply as needed.

sodium tetraborohydrate decahydrate (Prev-AM): 50 oz/100 gal; REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 25. Do not apply in midday sun or mix with copper, sulfur or oils.

spiromesifen (Oberon 2SC): 7 to 8.5 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 23. Complete coverage is necessary; an adjuvant may be used to improve coverage and control. Effective against egg and nymphal stages.

Whiteflies

See whiteflies in insect control section of Tomato for more information.

afidopyropen (Sefina): 14 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12 h, Bee: L, Group 9D.

Chenopodium extract (Requiem EC): 2 to 3 qts/A; PHI 0d, 4h REI, Bee: L. Apply before pests reach damaging levels.

Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1 (GrandevoOG): 2 to 3 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group UN.

cyantraniliprole (Exirel): 13.5 to 20.5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 28.

cyantraniliprole (Verimark): 6.75 to 13.5 oz/A at planting, 10oz/A chemigation; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H, Group 28. For soil applications at planting, or drip chemigation during first half of crop growing cycle.

dinotefuran (Safari 20SG): 0.16 to 0.32 oz/1,000 sq ft; 3.5 to 7 oz/100 gal; 7 to 14 oz/A; REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4. Cucumber and melon transplants only, while in greenhouse. Not for use on field or greenhouse grown crops.

dinotefuran (Venom): 1 to 4 dry oz/A foliar or 5 to 7.5 dry oz/A soil; PHI 1d foliar, PHI 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Do not apply to vegetables grown for seed.

fenpyroximate (Portal XLO): 2 pt/A; PHI 3d, REI 12 hr, Bee: L, Group 21A. A selective contact miticide. Melons only.

flonicamid (Beleaf 50SG): 2.8 dry oz/A; 4.28 oz/A or 0.1 oz/1000 sq ft for greenhouse cucumbers; PHI 0d, REI 12, Bee: L, Group 9C. Suppression only.

flupyradifurone (Sivanto): 10.5 to 14 oz/A foliar, 21 to 28 oz/A soil; PHI 1d foliar, PHI 21d soil, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 4D.

gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.54 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

imidacloprid (Admire Pro): 7 to 10.5 oz/A soil; 0.44 fl oz/10,000 plants on seedling transplants in greenhouse; PHI 21d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Planthouse applications only provide short-term protection; an additional field application must be made within 2 weeks following transplanting to provide continuous protection. Not for foliar applications.

insecticidal soap (M-PedeOG): 1.25 to 2.5 oz/gal water; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L. Spray to wet all infested plant surfaces. May require repeated applications. Use of a companion labeled insecticide is recommended for enhanced and residual control.

Metarhizium anisopliae Strain F52 (Met 52 EC): 40 to 80 oz/100 gal (drench), 8 to 64 oz/A (foliar); PHI 0d, REI 0h, Bee: L, Group UN.

petroleum oil (Suffoil XOG): 1 to 2 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply as needed.

pyrethrin (PyGanic EC5.0OG): 4.5 to 17 oz/A; 0.25 to 0.50 oz/gal, 3 gal/1000 sq ft in greenhouse for backpack sprayers; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 3A.

pyriproxyfen (Knack): 8 to 10 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 7. Does not control adults. Apply when whiteflies reach economic threshold.

sodium tetraborohydrate decahydrate (Prev-AM): 50 oz/100 gal; REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 25. Do not apply in midday sun or mix with copper, sulfur or oils.

spiromesifen (Oberon 2SC): 7 to 8.5 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 23. Complete coverage is necessary; an adjuvant may be used to improve coverage and control. Effective against egg and nymphal stages.

thiamethoxam (Actara): 3 to 5.5 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4.

thiamethoxam (Platinum): 5 to 11 oz/A; PHI 30d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4. Systemic insecticide used as an in-furrow, banded, drench, or drip irrigation application to the seed/seedling root zone during or after planting/transplanting or shanked into root zone after transplanting or establishment. DO NOT apply as a foliar spray.