Appendices
Appendices Evonne GongAdditional Resources
Additional Resources Evonne GongThe resources on this list are useful additions to any commercial vegetable grower's library. Many are online and free of charge; otherwise, contact the publisher for pricing information. Additional resources are mentioned in specific Crops and Pest Management sections.
Business and Marketing
- The New Farmers' Market 2nd Edition. V. Corum, M. Rosenzweig, and E. Gibson. Waldorf, MD, SARE Outreach Publications, 2015. Order by Phone: (301) 374-9696. Order Online: https://www.sare.org/resources/the-new-farmers-market/
- The Organic Farmer’s Business Handbook. R. Wiswall. White River Junction, VT, Chelsea Green Publishing, 2009. Order by Phone: 800-639-4099. Order Online: https://www.chelseagreen.com/product/the-organic-farmers-business-handbook/
Crops
- Pumpkin Production Guide. Ithaca, NY, PALS (formerly NRAES). Order by Phone: 607-255-7654. Order Online: http://palspublishing.cals.cornell.edu/
- Sweet Corn Insect Management Field Scouting Guide. R. Hazzard. Northeast IPM Center/UMass Extension, 2012. Free Online: https://ag.umass.edu/vegetable/publications/guides/sweet-corn-ipm-scouting-guide-record-keeping-book
Greenhouse and High Tunnels
- Greenhouse and Hoophouse Grower's Handbook. A. Mefford. White River Junction, VT, Chelsea Green Publishing, 2017. Phone: 800-639-4099. Order Online: https://www.chelseagreen.com/product/the-greenhouse-and-hoophouse-growers-handbook/
- Greenhouse Engineering, NRAES-33. R.A. Aldrich, and J.W. Bartok. Ithaca, NY, PALS (formerly NRAES), 1994. Order by Phone: 607-255-7654. Free Online: https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/69429
- Greenhouse IPM with an Emphasis on Biocontrols. C. Thomas (Primary Author). University Park, PA. Penn State University, Publications Distribution Center, 2005. Order by Phone: 814-865-6713. Order Online: https://extension.psu.edu/greenhouse-ipm-with-an-emphasis-on-biocontrols
- New England Greenhouse Floriculture Guide: A Management Guide for Insects, Diseases, Weeds and Growth Regulators, 2021-2022 Ed. Cooperative Extension Service in New England. Order Online: https://ag.umass.edu/greenhouse-floriculture/publications-resources/new-england-greenhouse-floriculture-guide
Organic Production
- Crop Rotation on Organic Farms: A Planning Manual. C.L. Mohler and S.E. Johnson. Waldorf, MD, SARE Outreach Publications, 2009. Order by Phone: (301) 779-1007. Free Online: https://www.sare.org/resources/crop-rotation-on-organic-farms/
- eOrganic, a site of eExtension, a part of cooperative extension service. Retrieved June 9, 2022. https://eorganic.info/
- Organic Production Guides: Cole Crops, Cucumbers and Squash, Lettuce, Peas, Potatoes, Snap Beans, and Spinach, etc. A. Seaman. Ithaca, NY, NY State IPM Program, 2016. Free Online: https://cvp.cce.cornell.edu/submission.php?id=36
- The New Organic Grower, 3rd edition. E. Coleman, White River Junction, VT, Chelsea Green Publishing, 2018. Phone: 800-639-4099. Order Online: https://www.chelseagreen.com/product/the-new-organic-grower-3rd-edition/
- Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease Management, 2nd Ed. B. Caldwell et al. eds. Geneva, NY, New York State Ag. Expt. Station, 2013. Phone: 315-787-2248. Free Online: https://northeast.sare.org/resources/resource-guide-for-organic-insect-and-disease-management/
- National Organic Program Handbook, USDA: https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/organic/handbook
Pest Management
- Diseases and Pests Compendium Series: (Each crop is a separate publication) Bedding Plants, Bean, Beet, Brassica, Corn, Cucurbit, Lettuce, Onion and Garlic, Pepper, Peas, Potato, Strawberry, Sweet Potato, Tomato, Umbelliferous, etc. D. Eastburn, (Editor in Chief). St. Paul, MN, APS Press. Order by Phone: 800-328-7560. Order online: https://my.apsnet.org/APSStore/
- Diseases and Pests of Vegetable Crops in Canada. R.J. Howard, J.A. Garland, and W.L. Seaman (Eds). Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Entomological Society of Canada, 1994. Free Online: https://phytopath.ca/publications/diseases-of-vegetable-crops-in-canada/
- Integrated Crop and Pest Management Guidelines for Commercial Vegetable Production. Cornell Cooperative Extension (Eds). Ithaca, NY. Cornell Cooperative Extension, 2019. Phone: 607-255-7282. Order Online: https://cropandpestguides.cce.cornell.edu/Preview/2019/Vegetable_Promo_19.pdf
- Manage Weeds on Your Farm. Charles L. Mohler, John R. Teasdale, Antonio DiTommaso. SARE Outreach Publications, 2021. Order by phone: (301) 779-1007 https://www.sare.org/resources/manage-weeds-on-your-farm/
- Steel in the Field: Guide to Weed Management Tools. G. Bowman (Ed). Beltsville, MD ,SARE Outreach Publications, 2002. Free Online:https://www.sare.org/resources/steel-in-the-field/
- Weeds of the Northeast. R.H. Uva, J.C. Neal, and J.M. Ditomaso. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1997. Phone: 607-277-2338. Order Online: https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501755729/weeds-of-the-northeast/
Post-Harvest
Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables and Florist and Nursery Stocks. K. Cross, Y.W. Chien, and M. Saltveit, (Eds). Agricultural Research Service, Agriculture Handbook 66, 2016. Order print copy: Catherine Parsons, USDA-ARS Food Quality Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg.002, Beltsville, MD 20705. Free Online: https://www.ars.usda.gov/is/np/CommercialStorage/CommercialStorage.pdf
Soil Management
- Building Soils for Better Crops, 3rd Edition. H. Van Es, and F. Magdoff. College Park, MD. SARE Outreach Publications, 2010. Order by phone: (301) 779-1007. Free Online: https://www.sare.org/resources/building-soils-for-better-crops/
- Managing Cover Crops Profitability, 3rd Ed. A Clark, (Ed). Waldorf, MD, SARE Outreach Publications, 2013. Order by Phone: (301) 779-1007. Free Online https://www.sare.org/resources/managing-cover-crops-profitably-3rd-edition/
- On Farm Composting Handbook. R. Rynk (Ed). Ithaca, NY. PALS (formerly NRAES), 1992. Order by Phone: 607-255-7654. Free Online: https://campus.extension.org/pluginfile.php/48384/course/section/7167/NRAES%20FarmCompost%20manual%201992.pdf
Other/General
- Knott's Handbook for Vegetable Growers, 6th Ed. G.J. Hochmuth and R.G. Sideman. John Wiley and Sons, 2023. Order Online:https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Knott%27s+Handbook+for+Vegetable+Growers%2C+6th+Edition-p-9781119811077
- Production of Vegetables, Strawberries and Cut Flowers Using Plasticulture. W.J. Lamont. Ithaca, NY, PALS (formerly NRAES). Order by Phone: 607-255-7654. Order Online: https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/69448
- Sustainable Vegetable Production from Start-up to Market. V. Grubinger. Ithaca, NY, PALS (formerly NRAES), 1999. Order by Phone: 607-255-7654. Free Online: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/extfac/17/
- Vegetables: Characteristics, Production and Marketing. L.C. Pierce. Indianapolis, IN, John Wiley and Sons, 1987. Order by Phone: 877-762-2974. Order Online: https://www.wiley.com/en-gb/Vegetables:+Characteristics,+Production,+and+Marketing-p-9780471850229
- Video Series for Vegetable Farmers: Farmers and their Diversified Horticultural Marketing Strategies, Farmers and their Ecological Sweet Corn Production Practices, High Tunnels: Low Cost Season Extension, Vegetable Farmers and their Innovative Cover Cropping Techniques, Vegetable Farmers and their Sustainable Tillage Practices, Vegetable Farmers and their Weed Control Machines.[DVDs] V. Grubinger, V. and M.J. Else, (Producers) Burlington, VT, University of Vermont Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. Free Online: https://eorganic.org/node/3549
Conversion and Dilution for Fertilizers & Pesticides
Conversion and Dilution for Fertilizers & Pesticides Evonne GongTable of Equivalents for Measuring Liquids
- 3 teaspoons or 1/2 fluid ounce = 1 tablespoon
- 2 tablespoons = 1 fluid ounce
- 16 tablespoons = 8 fluid ounces = 1 cup = 1/2 pint
- 16 fluid ounces = 2 cups = 1 pint
- 1 pt of formulation/100 gal = 1 teaspoon/gal
Practical Dilution Chart for Preparing Less than 100 Gallons of Pesticide Spray
Pesticide | Gallons of Finished Spray* | ||
---|---|---|---|
100 gal | 25 gal | 1 gal | |
Amount of EC or other liquid formulation to be used | 1/2 pt (1 cup) | 2 fl oz (4 Tbsp) | 1/2 tsp |
1 pt | 4 fl oz (8 Tbsp) | 1 tsp | |
1 qt | 1/2 pt (1 cup) | 2 Tsp | |
1 gal | 1 qt | 2 1/2 Tbsp | |
Amount of WP or other powder formulation to be used | 1 lb | 1/4 lb (4 oz) | 1/6 oz (5 g) |
2 lb | 1/2 lb | 1/3 oz (10 g) | |
3 lb | 3/4 lb | 1/2 oz (14 g) | |
4 lb | 1 lb | 2/3 oz (20 g) |
*NOTE: The number of pints/100 is the same as the number of fluid ounces required in 6 1/4 gals.
Amounts of a Commercial Product (Formulation) Needed to Provide Various Amounts of Actual Pesticide per 100 Gallons or per Acre
Commercial Products (lbs of pesticide per gal of formulated material) |
Pounds of actual pesticide wanted per 100 gallons | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1/2 lb | 1 lb | 3 lb | 5 lb | |
1.5 EC (1 1/2 lb per gal) | 1 1/3 qt | 2 2/3 qt | 2 gal | 3 1/3 gal |
2 EC (2 lb per gal) | 1 qt | 2 qt | 1 1/2 gal | 2 1/2 gal |
4 EC (4 lb per gal) | 1 pt | 1 qt | 3 qt | 5 qt |
6 EC (6 lb per gal) | 2/3 pt | 1 1/3 pt | 1 1/2 qt | 2 1/2 qt |
8 EC (8 lb per gal) | 1/2 pt | 1 pt | 1 1/2 qt | 2 1/2 qt |
15 WP | 3 1/3 lb | 6 2/3 lb | 20 lb | 33 1/3 lb |
25 WP | 2 lb | 4 lb | 12 lb | 20 lb |
40 WP | 1 1/4 lb | 2 1/2 lb | 7 1/2 lb | 12 1/2 lb |
1% dust/granules | 50 lb | 100 lb | 300 lb | 500 lb |
1 1/2% dust/granules | 33 lb | 67 lb | 200 lb | 333 lb |
2 1/2% dust/granules | 20 lb |
40 lb |
120 lb | 200 lb |
5% dust/granules | 10 lb | 20 lb | 60 lb | 100 lb |
EC = emulsifiable concentrate (liquid) WP = wettable powder
Use of Tablespoons (Dry materials only)
The number of tablespoons per ounce, or cups per pound, of dry insecticides and fungicides varies greatly with different products because some materials are light and fluffy; others compact and heavy. In general, there are from 2 to 6 level tablespoons per ounce of these dry materials.
When a material is to be used repeatedly, it is much better to weigh out the amount needed and place it in some convenient container which can be easily marked. If this cannot be done, it is usually safe to assume that 1 lb per 100 gal is equal to 1 level Tbsp/gal. (For example, Sevin - 2 lb/100 gal = 2 Tbsp/gal.)
Area Conversion
Amount per acre ÷ 43.5 ≈ amount needed per 1,000 sq ft