Eggplant

Eggplant
Eggplant Disease Control Eggplant Insect Control Eggplant Weed Control

Introduction

Eggplant (family Solanaceae; Solanum melongena) is thought to have originated in southern to southeastern Asia. Eggplant is closely related to pepper, tomato, tobacco, and potato, and shares diseases with some of these crops. Cultivation methods are similar to those for pepper, but it is more heat tolerant and cold sensitive. Deep, well-drained sandy loam soils are ideal for eggplant. Southern slopes that warm early in the spring may yield better.

Types and Varieties

Eggplants come in a diverse array of shapes, colors, and sizes, and preferences vary widely among markets. The most common type is large, oblong, and deep purple with a green calyx. Asian types are long and slender, often deep purple with purple calyxes. Specialty varieties include finger-sized eggplants, small round eggplants, and different colors in all shapes and sizes. Some varieties are marketed specifically for tunnel or greenhouse production.

Type Varieties
Oblong Large-fruited

Angela (striped) - GH

Aretussa (white) - GH

Black Bell

Black Beauty

Classic

Clara (white)

Dancer (pink)

Dusky

Jaylo - GH

Michal - GH

Nadia

Nubia (striped)

Traviata

White Lightning (white)
Slender Long Asian

Orient Express

Millionaire
Slender Finger

Diamond

Hansel 

Gretel (white)

Fairy Tale (striped)
GH: developed for tunnel or greenhouse production

 

Soil Fertility

Apply lime according to soil test results to maintain soil pH at 6.5-6.8.

Use a liquid starter fertilizer at transplanting, especially with cool soil conditions. Use a high phosphorus starter fertilizer mixed according to label directions (typically 3 lb/50 gal of water). Apply 8 fl oz (1 cup) per transplant. If plants are to be grown on plastic mulch, the amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to be sidedressed can be reduced, since leaching is minimized. Nitrogen can be applied through drip/trickle or overhead irrigation. Drip fertigation is especially advantageous with plastic mulch. Too much N fertilization will lead to plants that are bushy, leafy and slow to bear fruit. See the Plastic Mulch and Row Covers and High Tunnels sections for more information.

Less N fertilizer will be needed if legume sod was plowed down or if manure was applied (see Table 1 and Table 7).

Plant Nutrition Recommendations According to Soil Test Results for Eggplant

SOIL TEST RESULTS NITROGEN (N) - LBS PER ACRE PHOSPHORUS (P) -
LBS P2O5 PER ACRE		 POTASSIUM (K) -
LBS K2O PER ACRE
VERY LOW LOW OPTIMUM ABOVE OPTIMUM VERY LOW LOW OPTIMUM ABOVE OPTIMUM
Broadcast and incorporate 50 150 100 25-50 0 150 100 50 0
Sidedress 3-4 weeks after planting 30-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL RECOMMENDED 80-100 150 100 25-50 0 150 100 50 0

Planting

Eggplant is normally grown from transplants. Between 2 and 4 ounces of seed are required to produce plants for one acre. Germinate seeds in flats at 70-75ºF. Move to 50-cell trays after emergence. Sowing directly into 50-cell trays will shorten the time needed to produce transplants by approximately 1 week. Good transplants are 6-8 weeks old, fairly large and slightly hardened. Transplant in the field with 18" (small plant types) to 30" (large plant types) between plants. This requires from 40 and 66 plants per 100' of row, respectively. Allow 36-42" between rows. Eggplants are much less cold hardy than tomatoes. Plant eggplants out after overnight low temperatures are consistently above 50ºF.

Field Culture

The use of black plastic mulch will usually result in increased early growth and yield with less damage from Verticillium wilt, perhaps because the plant is more healthy and vigorous at the time of infection. Eggplant benefits from irrigation during the period of flowering and fruit set. If soil moisture is limited at this time, yields will be reduced. Large plants may benefit from being staked. Use one 4.5' stake per plant. Temperatures above 90ºF and night temperatures below 60ºF or above 70ºF can cause poor flowering and flower drop. Fruits are also vulnerable to sunburn so enough leaf coverage is critical. 

When growing eggplant in a high tunnel or greenhouse, consider trellising to prevent plants from toppling and to improve ease of harvesting later in the season. Pruning to a 2- or 4-leader system may improve yields, although labor cost tradeoffs should be considered for your farm.

Harvest and Storage

Fruit should be harvested by clipping them off with sharp shears when the outside color is a glossy purple, the fruit is firm, and before the seed changes color. Soft fruit, loss of glossy color, and dark-colored seed are signs of over-maturity. Harvest fruit as they mature to ensure continued fruit set. Fruit can be stored up to 10 days at 50-54ºF and 90-95% relative humidity. Eggplants are susceptible to chilling injury if held in temperatures that are too cold. 

Eggplant Disease Control

Eggplant Disease Control
Eggplant - General Eggplant Insect Control Eggplant Weed Control

NOTES: For the disease control products listed below, one product trade name and formulation is provided for each active ingredient (common name) as an example of rates, preharvest interval (PHI), restricted entry interval (REI), and special instructions. In many cases, there are other products available with the same active ingredient. Please see Table 26 and Fungicides and Bactericides Alphabetically Listed by Trade Name for more information on products with the same active ingredients.

The symbol OG indicates a product is listed by the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) as approved for use in organic production. See Organic Certification section for more detail.

Anthracnose (Colletotrichum coccodes)

Anthracnose symptoms appear on fruit as small, light-brown irregularly shaped spots. Eventually these spots darken and enlarge, forming large brown patches, often with concentric rings. Start with certified, disease-free seed, fungicide treated seed, or treat seed with hot water to disinfest. Rotate with non-solanaceous crops for at least 3 years to allow infested crop residues to decompose completely. Keep fields free or solanaceous weeds and volunteers.

  • azoxystrobin (Quadris): 6.0 to 15.5 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group 11. Do not apply more than once before rotating with a non-Group 11 fungicide.
  • azoxystrobin plus difenoconazole (Quadris Top): 8.0 to 14.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & 3. 
  • chlorothalonil (Bravo Weather Stik): 1.5 pt/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Group M5.
  • copper hydroxide (Kocide 3000): 0.75 to 1.5 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 48h, Group M1. Do not apply in a spray solution having a pH less than 6.5 or tank mix with Aliette.
  • flutriafol (Rhyme): 7.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 3.
  • polyoxin D (OSO 5%SC)OG: 6.5 to 13.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group 19. Suppression only.
  • pyraclostrobin (Cabrio EG): 8.0 to 12.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 11. Do not apply more than once before rotating with a non-Group 11 fungicide.
  • tetraconazole (Mettle 125ME): 6.0 to 8.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0, REI 12, Group 3. Apply no more than twice before alternating to a fungicide with a non-Group 3 fungicide.
  • trifloxystrobin (Flint): 3.0 to 4.0 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Group 11. Do not apply more than once before rotating with a non-Group 11 fungicide.

Damping-Off

Buy treated seed. Do not use treated seed for food, feed or oil purposes.

  • fludioxonil (Maxim 4FS): 0.08 to 0.16 oz/100 lb seed; REI 12h, Group 12. For protection against seedborne and soil-borne fungi. Does not control Pythium and Phytophthora.
  • thiram (Thiram SC 44%): 6.5 fl oz./100.0 lb seed; REI 24h, Group M3. 

Phytophthora Crown and Fruit Rot (Phytophthora capsici)

Phytophthora capsici is a water mold (oomycete) that causes fruit rot, rapid wilting, and death to many types of vegetables. On eggplants, symptoms first appear as wilting in water-filled or flooded areas. The crown of the plant may also begin to shrivel. Infected fruit can develop soft rotting spots that later spread to consume the entire fruit. In high humidity, the pathogen will produce spores all over the infected fruits that appear fuzzy and gray. P. capsici cannot be managed by fungicide applications alone; successful disease control is achieved only by a season-long effort to manage water and other cultural practices. The single most effective way to control this disease is to prevent its movement into clean fields by equipment, humans, or infested water. Plant susceptible crops (tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, and all cucurbit species) in fields that have no history of this disease and are well-drained. Plant into raised beds, avoid planting in low areas where water puddles, and improve drainage by sub-soiling after heavy rain events. Promptly disk under small areas where the disease appears along with a border of healthy appearing plants. Avoid working in wet fields and compacting the soil.

  • ametoctradin plus dimethomorph (Zampro): 14.0 fl oz/A; PHI 4d, REI 12h, Groups 45 & 40. Make no more than 3 applications per year or make no more than 2 applications before alternating to a non-Grou 40 or 45 fungicide.
  • dimethomorph (Forum): 6.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 40. Must be applied in a tank mix with a fungicide with a different mode of action.
  • fenamidone (Reason 500 SC): 8.2 fl oz/A; PHI 14d, REI 12, Group 11. Suppression only.
  • fluazinam (Omega 500F): 16 to 24 oz/A; PHI 30d, REI 12, Group 29. First application can be made as a soil drench at transplanting.
  • fluopicolide (Presidio): 3.0 to 4.0 fl oz/A; PHI 2d, REI 12h, Group 43. Must be applied in a tank mix with a fungicide with a different mode of action.
  • mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold SL): 1.0 pt/A preplant or at planting; PHI 7d, REI 48h, Group 4. For crown rot phase only. Apply as a drench at planting or as a banded application. Must be moved into soil mechanically or by irrigation. Use as a preventative; will not cure infected plants.
  • phosphorus acid (Fosphite): 1.0 to 3.0 qts/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Group 33. Best efficacy when tank mixed with fungicides with a different mode of action.

Verticillium Wilt (Verticillium spp.)

Initial symptoms of Verticillium wilt include yellowing of the lower leaves, wilting, and stunted growth. V-shaped lesions can also begin to form on the foliage. As the disease progresses these lesions will turn brown and become necrotic. Symptoms of wilting typically only occur late in the season or if the infection has become advanced. Infected plants may wilt late in the day and appear to “recover” in the morning, only to wilt again as the day progresses. Vascular streaking can be observed in the leaves and stems and is characteristic of this disease. Verticillium species can persist in the soil for many years in the absence of susceptible plants. Follow a 4- to 5-year crop rotation with non-solanaceous crops to reduce inoculum levels in fields. Include grain crops in the rotation. Control weeds as many weeds are susceptible to Verticillium. Remove and destroy infected plant material after harvest. Resistance to Verticillium species in pepper and eggplant is poor. Fumigate in fall with Vapam as directed on the label. Mulching plants with black plastic may reduce disease severity. See Soil Fumigation Outdoors in the Disease Management section.

  • Trichoderma asperellum, T. gamsii (Bio-tam 2.0OG): See label for in-furrow, drench, and broadcast rates; REI 4h, Group NC.
Disease Control

Eggplant Insect Control

Eggplant Insect Control
Eggplant - General Eggplant Disease Control Eggplant Weed Control

NOTES: For the insecticides listed below, one product trade name and formulation is provided for each active ingredient (AI) as an example of rates, preharvest interval (PHI), restricted entry interval (REI), and special instructions. In many cases, there are other products available with the same AI. Please see Table 27 and Insecticides Alphabetically Listed by Trade Name for more information on these insecticides.

The designation (Bee: L, M, or H) indicates a bee toxicity rating of low, moderate, or high. See the Protecting Honeybees and Native Pollinators section for more details.

The symbol * indicates a product is a restricted use pesticide. See Pesticide Safety and Use for more details.

The symbol OG indicates a product is listed by the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) as approved for use in organic production. See Organic Certification section for more details.

Floating row covers can exclude beetles, increase yield and produce earlier harvests. Plants should be free of aphids and whiteflies before setting in the field. Apply covers immediately after setting transplants. Completely seal edge of the material with soil, leaving enough slack to allow for plant growth. Use wire hoops to prevent damage to growing tips. Use in conjunction with crop rotation to prevent Colorado potato beetles from emerging underneath. Remove row covers at bloom to prevent plants from becoming leggy and lodging. See Plastic Mulch and Row Covers, and High Tunnels for more information.

Aphids, Green Peach (Myzus persicae) and Melon (Aphis gossypii)

See melon aphid in the insect control section of Cucumber and green peach aphid in the insect control section of Pepper for more information on each of these aphid species.

Aphids generally colonize eggplant during the first 2 weeks of July, and good control at this time with a selective insecticide will prevent the need for sprays later in the season. Good coverage of the underside of leaves is important. Treat when 1-2 aphids per leaf are observed. Be aware that broad-spectrum insecticide applications can cause aphid and mite outbreaks by reducing the populations of beneficial organisms.

Reflective mulch, where 50% of the surface area is reflective, will repel colonizing aphids. Even black plastic mulch has been shown to reduce aphid infestations to some extent compared with bare-ground culture.

  • acetamiprid (Assail 30SG): 2 to 4 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 4A.
  • afidopyropen (Sefina): 3 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 9D.
  • alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac* CS): 3.2 to 3.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A. See resistance statement on label. Aphid control may be variable depending on species present and host-plant relationships. 
  • azadirachtin (Azatin OOG): 4 to 16 oz/A foliar or drench, 4 to 16 oz/100 gal in greenhouses; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group UN. When using lower rates, combine with adjuvant for improved spray coverage and translaminar uptake.
  • Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1 (GrandevoOG): 2 to 3 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group UN.
  • cyantraniliprole (Exirel): 13.5 to 20.5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 28. For best performance, use with an effective adjuvant. For green peach and potato aphid. 
  • cyantraniliprole (Verimark): 6.75 to 13.5 oz/A at planting, 6.75 to 10 oz/A chemigation/soil injection; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H, Group 28. Suppression only.
  • dinotefuran (Safari 20SG): 0.16 to 0.32 oz/1,000 sq ft; 3.5 to 7 oz/100 gal; 7 to 14 oz/A; REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. For transplants while in greenhouse. Not for field use.
  • dinotefuran (Venom): 1 to 4 oz/A foliar, 5 to 7.5 oz/A soil; PHI 1d foliar, 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. For suppression of green peach aphids (foliar & soil) and potato aphids (soil). 
  • flonicamid (Beleaf 50SG): 2.8 to 4.28 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 29. 
  • flupyradifurone (Sivanto): 10.5 to 14 oz/A foliar green peach aphid, 7 to 14 oz/A foliar other aphids, 21 to 28 oz/A soil, 0.34 oz/10,000 plants on seedling transplants in greenhouse (tray drench); PHI 1d foliar, 45d soil and greenhouse, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 4D.
  • gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 3A. See resistance statement on label. Suppression only.
  • imidacloprid (Admire Pro): 1.3 to 2.2 oz/A foliar, 7 to 10.5 oz/A soil, 0.44 oz/10,000 plants on seedling transplants in greenhouse (tray drench); PHI 0d foliar, 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. 
  • insecticidal soap (M-PedeOG): 1.25 to 2.5 oz/gal water; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L. Apply with  companion labeled insecticide on green peach aphids. On other aphid, use of a companion insecticide is recommended for enhanced and residual control.
  • methomyl (Lannate* LV): 0.75 to 3 pt/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 1A. For green peach aphid.
  • mineral oil (SuffOil-XOG): 1 to 2 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply as needed. 
  • oxamyl (Vydate* L): 2 to 4 pt/A foliar; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 1A. Apply by ground equipment when insects first appear.
  • pymetrozine (Fulfill): 2.75 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 9B. Green peach and potato aphids only. Translaminar.
  • pyrethrin (PyGanic EC5.0OG): 4.5 to 15.61 oz/A; 0.25 to 0.50 oz/gal, 3 gal/1000 sq ft in greenhouse for backpack sprayers; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 3A.
  • sodium tetraborohydrate decahydrate (Prev-AM): 100 oz/100 gal; REI 24h, Bee: L, Group 8D. Do not apply in midday sun or mix with copper.
  • spirotetramat (Movento): 4 to 5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: M, Group 23. Must be tank-mixed with a spray adjuvant with spreading and penetrating properties to maximize leaf uptake and systemicity. Don't use sticker adjuvants. Controls immature stages, may also reduce adult fertility.
  • sulfoxaflor (Closer SC): 1.5 to 2 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4C. 
  • thiamethoxam (Actara): 2 to 3 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A.
  • thiamethoxam (Platinum 75SG): 1.66 to 3.67 oz/A; PHI 30d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Systemic insecticide used at planting.
  • tolfenpyrad (Torac): 17 to 21 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 21A.

Blister Beetles (Epicauta funebris and E. vittata)

See Blister Beetles in the Beets and Swiss Chard section for more information on these two species of blister beetles. Both species feed on flowers and foliage in eggplant. A single spot spray with a broad-spectrum insecticide that is registered for blister beetles or flea beetles on this crop will control blister beetles.

  • gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • mineral oil (SuffOil-XOG): 1 to 2 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply as needed. For beetle larvae only.
  • pyrethrin (PyGanic EC5.0OG): 4.5 to 15.61 oz/A; 0.25 to 0.50 oz/gal, 3 gal/1000 sq ft in greenhouse for backpack sprayers; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 3A.

Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)

See Potato for more details on the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), including cultural controls and resistance management. In eggplant, CPB feeding may occur in June on young transplants or later in the season when plants are fully grown and fruit is developing. Watch for the emergence of summer adults in late July and August, as they can damage leaves, flowers, and petioles, including clipping flower buds. This reduces fruit formation and marketable yield. Scout to determine the number of adults, egg masses, and small and large larvae and to assess feeding damage. The following action thresholds have been established from seedling to fruiting stage: 2 small larvae or 1 large larva per plant (if the plant is 6 inches). Avoid using insecticides from the same resistance group more than once per year.

  • abamectin (Agri-Mek* SC): 1.75 to 3.5 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 6. 
  • acetamiprid (Assail 30SG): 1.5 to 2.5 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 4A.
  • alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac* CS): 2.2 to 3.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • azadirachtin (Azatin OOG): 4 to 16 oz/A foliar or drench, 4 to 16 oz/100 gal in greenhouses; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group UN. When using lower rates, combine with adjuvant for improved spray coverage and translaminar uptake.
  • Beauveria bassiana (Mycotrol ESOOG): 0.5 to 1 qt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group UN. Apply up to 3 qt/A for high pest pressure and/or dense foliage. 
  • beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid* XL): 1.6 to 2.8 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A. See resistance statement on label. 
  • bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 2.1 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • chlorantraniliprole (Coragen): 3.5 to 7.5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 28. For drip chemigation and foliar applications only. Do not apply more than twice to one generation or within a 30-day period. 
  • cyantraniliprole (Exirel): 7 to 13.5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 28.
  • cyantraniliprole (Verimark): 5 to 10 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H, Group 28. For drip chemigation or soil injection applications.
  • cyclaniliprole (Harvanta 50SL): 10.9 to 16.4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H, Group 28.
  • deltamethrin (Delta Gold*): 1.5 to 2.4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A. See resistance statement on label. 
  • dinotefuran (Venom): 1 to 4 oz/A foliar, 5 to 7.5 oz/A soil; PHI 1d foliar, 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. 
  • esfenvalerate (Asana* XL): 5.8 to 9.6 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • fenpropathrin (Danitol* 2.4EC): 10.66 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3. May be combined with Belay (see label for rates and increased PHI).
  • flupyradifurone (Sivanto): 10.5 to 14 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 4D. Foliar applications only.
  • gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 3A. See resistance statement on label. 
  • imidacloprid (Admire Pro): 1.3 to 2.2 oz/A foliar, 7 to 10.5 oz/A soil; PHI 0d foliar, 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A.
  • lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A. See resistance statement on label. 
  • mineral oil (SuffOil-XOG): 1 to 2 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply as needed. For beetle larvae only.
  • novaluron (Rimon 0.83EC): 9 to 12 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 15. Do not apply to successive generations. Most effective on 1st and 2nd instars. 
  • oxamyl (Vydate* L): 2 to 4 pt/A; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 1A. Apply by ground equipment when insects first appear. 
  • permethrin (Pounce* 25WP): 9.6 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • pyrethrin (PyGanic EC5.0OG): 4.5 to 15.61 oz/A; 0.25 to 0.50 oz/gal, 3 gal/1000 sq ft in greenhouse for backpack sprayers; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 3A.
  • spinetoram (Radiant SC): 5 to 10 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group 5.
  • spinosad (Entrust SCOG): 3 to 6 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group 5. Do not apply Group 5 insecticides to consecutive generations of Colorado potato beetle, and do not make more than 2 applications to a single generation.
  • thiamethoxam (Actara): 2 to 3 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A.
  • thiamethoxam (Platinum 75SG): 1.66 to 3.67 oz/A; PHI 30d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Systemic insecticide used at planting.
  • tolfenpyrad (Torac): 14 to 21 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 21A.
  • zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang* Maxx): 2.24 to 4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

Cutworms

Black cutworm is the most common of the many cutworm species that damage eggplants in New England. The dark-grey or black caterpillars hide under the soil surface adjacent to the plant stem during the day and feed after dark. On rare occasions, large larvae switch from leaf feeding to cutting stems of seedlings. Certain fields tend to have a history of repeated cutworm damage. Scout fields weekly through June after transplanting. Check at least 100 plants for cut stems, especially near field margins. Spot spray damaged areas or edges of the field if 1-2% of the plants have been cut down. For best results, apply between midnight and dawn while cutworms feed aboveground. Hardening off seedlings before transplanting toughens stems and reduces damage. See cutworms in the Pepper section for more information on this pest.

  • alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac* CS): 2.2 to 3.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • Burkholderia spp. strain A396 (Venerate XCOG): 1 to 4 qt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: M. Group UN. Variegated cutworm only.
  • carbaryl (10% Sevin Granules): 20 lb/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 1A. Apply evenly to the soil surface.
  • Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1 (GrandevoOG): 1 to 3 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: M. Group UN. Variegated cutworm only.
  • deltamethrin (Delta Gold*): 1.5 to 2.4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • fenpropathrin (Danitol* 2.4EC): 10.66 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3. May be combined with Dipel DF for variegated cutworm control (see label for rates).
  • gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 0.77 to 1.28 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 0.96 to 1.6 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • spinosad (SeduceOG): 20 to 44 lb/A or 0.5 to1 lb/1000 sq ft; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group 5. Spread bait on soil around plants.
  • tebufenozide (Confirm 2F): 6 to 8 oz/A early season on young plants, 8 to 16 oz/A mid- to late-season; PHI 7d, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 18. Black cutworm only.
  • zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang* Maxx): 2.24 to 4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

Flea Beetle, Potato (Epitrix cucumeris)

Potato flea beetle feeds primarily on solanaceous crops (eggplant, tomato, pepper, and potato), solanaceous weeds (jimsonweed, ground cherry, black nightshade), and other weeds, including redroot pigweed and lambsquarters. It does not feed in brassica crops. Adults are 1.5 to 2.0 mm, dull black, short and broad, with a pitted and hairy body. Adult beetles spend the winter protected under leaf litter in field edges near the crop where they feed in late summer and search out weed and crop hosts in the spring. Eggs are laid in the soil, larvae feed on roots, and after the pupal stage in the soil, a new generation of adult beetles will emerge. These ‘summer adults’ feed heavily and then move to a protected spot for the winter. Thus, there are 2 major flushes of adults – one in late May and early June and the second from mid-July to mid-August. Leaves that are heavily damaged may be riddled with small round ‘shot holes’ that stunt or kill plants. Potatoes, once well established, can withstand considerable feeding damage. Eggplants are vulnerable even at later stages, especially when summer adults emerge and fruit is forming.

Management practices include clean cultivation, crop rotation, removing or avoiding spring weed hosts, using row covers, and applying spot treatments targeting eggplants along the field edges. Scout to observe beetles and damage. Treat newly set transplants if they have 2 flea beetles per plant, seedlings 3-6" tall if they have greater than 4 beetles per plant, and plants over 6" tall if they have 8 beetles per plant. Most insecticides registered to control Colorado potato beetle, including spinosad, will control flea beetles. Systemics applied to the soil at transplanting may control flea beetles and Colorado potato beetles; avoid using the same chemical group for both soil and foliar treatments.

  • alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac* CS): 2.2 to 3.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid* XL): 2.8 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 2.1 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • carbaryl (Sevin XLR Plus): 0.5 to 1 qt/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 1A. Do not apply to plants in bloom.
  • cyantraniliprole (Verimark): 6.75 to 13.5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H, Group 28. For soil applications at planting.
  • deltamethrin (Delta Gold*): 1.5 to 2.4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • dinotefuran (Venom): 1 to 4 oz/A foliar, 5 to 7.5 oz/A soil; PHI 1d foliar, 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A.
  • esfenvalerate (Asana* XL): 5.8 to 9.6 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • fenpropathrin (Danitol* 2.4EC): 10.66 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3. May be combined with Belay (see label for rates and increased PHI).
  • gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • imidacloprid (Admire Pro): 7 to 10.5 oz/A; PHI 21d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Soil applications only.
  • kaolin (Surround WPOG): 12.5 to 50 lb/A (12.5 lb/25 gal preferred up to fruit set); PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Suppression only. Supplemental controls may be needed for complete control. For fresh-market, apply only up to 1/4 of fruit size unless washing capabilities are sufficient. 
  • lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • mineral oil (SuffOil-XOG): 1 to 2 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply as needed. For beetle larvae only.
  • permethrin (Pounce* 25WP): 6.4 to 9.6 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • pyrethrin (PyGanic EC5.0OG): 4.5 to 15.61 oz/A; 0.25 to 0.50 oz/gal, 3 gal/1000 sq ft in greenhouse for backpack sprayers; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 3A.
  • spinosad (Entrust SCOG): 4 to 8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group 5. Suppression only. Do not apply to seedlings for transplant.
  • thiamethoxam (Actara): 2 to 3 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A.
  • thiamethoxam (Platinum 75SG): 1.66 to 3.67 oz/A; PHI 30d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4. Systemic insecticide used at planting.
  • tolfenpyrad (Torac): 17 to 21 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 21A.
  • zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang* Maxx): 2.24 to 4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

Pepper Maggot (Zonosemata electa)

Some farms with a high population of pepper maggots experience damage to eggplant, especially when peppers are rotated out of the field. Perimeter trap cropping can help limit damage to eggplant. Plant 1 or 2 rows of cherry peppers around the perimeter of the eggplant and spot spray the trap crop (only) when the first stings (egg-laying scars) occur on the peppers or adult flies are captured on traps. See pepper maggot in Pepper section for more details and effective insecticides for peppers.

Potato Leafhopper (Empoasca fabae)

Potato leafhopper feeding is toxic to eggplant. Leaf margins and tips turn yellow and curl up. Feeding can reduce yield before damage is visible. Damage is often confused with Verticillium wilt, where leaves turn yellow and droop down. Treatment is recommended if there is an average of more than 1-1.5 leafhoppers per leaf. See potato leafhopper in the Potato section for more information.

  • alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac* CS): 2.2 to 3.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid* XL): 1.6 to 2.8 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • carbaryl (Sevin XLR Plus): 0.5 to 1 qt/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 1A. Do not apply to plants in bloom.
  • deltamethrin (Delta Gold*): 1 to 2.4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • dinotefuran (Venom): 1 to 4 oz/A foliar, 5 to 7.5 oz/A soil; PHI 1d foliar, 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. 
  • fenpropathrin (Danitol* 2.4EC): 10.66 oz/A.; PHI 3d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3. May be combined with Belay (see label for rates and increased PHI).
  • flupyradifurone (Sivanto): 7 to 14 oz/A foliar, 21 to 28 oz/A soil, 0.34 oz/10,000 plants on seedling transplants in greenhouse (tray drench); PHI 1d foliar, 45d soil and greenhouse, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 4D.
  • gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • imidacloprid (Admire Pro): 1.3 to 2.2 oz/A foliar, 7 to 10.5 oz/A soil; PHI 0d foliar, 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A.
  • kaolin (Surround WPOG): 12.5 to 50 lb/A (12.5 lb/25 gal preferred up to fruit set); PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Suppression only. Supplemental controls may be needed for complete control. For fresh-market, apply only up to 1/4 fruit size unless washing capabilities are sufficient. 
  • lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • mineral oil (SuffOil-XOG): 1 to 2 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply as needed.
  • pyrethrin (PyGanic EC5.0OG): 4.5 to 15.61 oz/A; 0.25 to 0.50 oz/gal, 3 gal/1000 sq ft in greenhouse for backpack sprayers; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 3A.
  • thiamethoxam (Actara): 2 to 3 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A.
  • thiamethoxam (Platinum 75SG): 1.66 to 3.67 oz/A; PHI 30d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Systemic insecticide used at planting.
  • zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang* Maxx): 2.24 to 4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

Stink Bugs

See Tomato section for information on stink bugs, including brown marmorated stink bug.

  • bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 2.1 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A. Use higher rate for control of brown marmorated stink bug.
  • dinotefuran (Venom): 1 to 4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Foliar applications only. For brown, consperse, green, and Southern green stink bugs only. Coverage is essential for adequate control.
  • fenpropathrin (Danitol* 2.4EC): 10.66 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3. Must be combined with Belay to control brown stink bugs only (see label for rates and increased PHI).
  • gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • novaluron (Rimon 0.83EC): 12 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 15. Most effective on young nymphs.

Tarnished Plant Bug (Lygus lineolaris)

See Lettuce, Endive, and Escarole insect control section for information about tarnished plant bug.

  • alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac* CS): 2.2 to 3.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid* XL): 2.1 to 2.8 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A. See resistance statement on label. 
  • bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 2.1 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • deltamethrin (Delta Gold*): 1.5 to 2.4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A. See resistance statement on label. 
  • flonicamid (Beleaf 50SG): 2.8 to 4.28 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 29. 
  • gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • pyrethrin (PyGanic EC5.0OG): 4.5 to 15.61 oz/A; 0.25 to 0.50 oz/gal, 3 gal/1000 sq ft in greenhouse for backpack sprayers; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 3A.
  • sulfoxaflor (Closer SC): 2.75 to 4.5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4C. 
  • zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang* Maxx): 2.24 to 4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

Tomato Fruitworm (Helicoverpa zea)

This is another common name for the corn earworm. Caterpillars may attack tomatoes and other solanaceous crops late in the season, especially if moth numbers are high and fresh corn silk is relatively scarce. Use selective insecticides to avoid disrupting natural enemies that control secondary pests, such as mites and aphids. For more information, see corn earworm in the Sweet Corn section.

  • alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac* CS): 2.2 to 3.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai (XenTariOG): 0.5 to 1.5 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 11. Must be ingested. For resistance management, may be rotated with Bt kurstaki products (Dipel).
  • Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Dipel DFOG): 0.5 to 2 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 11. Must be ingested. For resistance management, may be rotated with Bt aizawai products (XenTari).
  • beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid* XL): 1.6 to 2.8 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 2.1 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • Burkholderia spp. strain A396 (Venerate XCOG): 1 to 4 qt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group UN.
  • chlorantraniliprole (Coragen): 3.5 to 7.5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 28. May be applied to soil at planting, through drip chemigation, or as foliar spray. 
  • Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1 (GrandevoOG): 1 to 3 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group UN.
  • cyantraniliprole (Exirel): 7 to 13.5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 28.
  • cyantraniliprole (Verimark): 5 to 10 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H, Group 28. For soil applications at planting, drip chemigation, or soil injection.
  • deltamethrin (Delta Gold*): 1.5 to 2.4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • emamectin benzoate (Proclaim*): 2.4 to 4.8 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 6. Apply when larvae are first observed.
  • esfenvalerate (Asana* XL): 5.8 to 9.6 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • fenpropathrin (Danitol* 2.4EC): 10.66 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3. May be combined with Dipel DF (see label for rates).
  • gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • indoxacarb (Avaunt): 3.5 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 22A.
  • lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • methomyl (Lannate* LV): 1.5 to 3 pt/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 1A.
  • methoxyfenozide (Intrepid 2F): 10 to 16 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 18. Suppression only. 
  • novaluron (Rimon 0.83EC): 9 to 12 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 15. Most effective on 1st and 2nd instars.
  • spinetoram (Radiant SC): 5 to 10 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group 5.
  • spinosad (Entrust SCOG): 3 to 6 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group 5. Do not apply to seedlings for transplant.
  • zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang* Maxx): 2.24 to 4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.

Two-spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae)

Two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) is the most common mite species that attacks vegetable crops in New England. It feeds on tomatoes, eggplant, potatoes, beans, vine crops such as melons and cucumbers, and other crops. In eggplant, TSSM is a key insect pest. Adult females are approximately 1/2 mm long, slightly orange or pale green in color with 2 dark spots on their body, and lay up to 100 eggs over their 3- to 4-week lifespan. Eggs are globular and amber-red when viewed with a 10X hand lens. Eggs hatch in about 3 days and immediately begin feeding. Following two brief nymphal stages, they become adults and lay eggs in 1-3 days. Depending on temperature, the life cycle can be completed in 7-14 days.

Foliar damage results from piercing plant tissue with mouth-parts and removing plant fluids. Feeding injury often gives the top leaf surfaces a mottled or speckled, dull or bronzed appearance. Mites cover the leaves with fine webbing. Other symptoms include distorted leaves, stunting, overall loss of plant vigor (despite adequate moisture and nutrition), whitening or spotting of leaves, yellowing of the plant or some of the leaves, and in some cases, loss of foliage and death. Spider mites favor hot, dry, dusty conditions, which also aggravates injury by stressing the plant, and excess nitrogen fostering succulent growth. Damage is often underestimated or goes unnoticed since the wounds and the pests are not easy to see without close inspection.

Overhead irrigation or prolonged periods of rain can help reduce populations. Do not over-fertilize. Avoid weedy fields, and do not plant eggplant adjacent to legume forage crops. Avoid planting eggplant near dusty, high-traffic farm roads. Scout by searching leaves for symptoms and webbing and using a 10X or 15X hand lens to identify mites. Use selective products and avoid broad-spectrum insecticides that interfere with the numerous natural enemies that help to manage mite populations. With most miticides (except those with a long residual such as bifenazate), use 2 applications, approximately 5-7 days apart, to help control immature mites that were in the egg stage and protected during the first application. Alternate between products after 2 applications to prevent or delay resistance. Preventative releases of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis may suppress TSSM populations, as they do in strawberry fields. Releases must be made when TSSM numbers are low. Amblyseius fallicis is a predatory mite that is widely used in greenhouses. See Vegetable Transplant section on insect and mite management, scouting guidelines, and biological control for information.

  • abamectin (Agri-Mek* SC): 1.75 to 3.5 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 6. 
  • acequinocyl (Kanemite 15SC): 31 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 20B. 
  • bifenazate (Acramite 50WS): 0.75 to 1 lb/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 20D. Long residual. 
  • bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 5.12 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • etoxazole (Zeal): 2 to 3 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 10B. Do not apply more than once per season.
  • fenpropathrin (Danitol* 2.4EC): 10.66 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3.
  • fenpyroximate (Portal XLO): 2 pt/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 21A.
  • gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 3A. Suppression only.
  • insecticidal soap (M-PedeOG): 1.25 to 2.5 oz/gal water; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L.
  • lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A. Suppression only.
  • mineral oil (SuffOil-XOG): 1 to 2 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply as needed. 
  • neem oil (TrilogyOG): 0.5 to 2% solution in 25 to 100 gal water/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group UN.
  • oxamyl (Vydate* L): 2 to 4 pt/A foliar; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 1A. Apply by ground equipment when mites first appear. 
  • sodium tetraborohydrate decahydrate (Prev-AM): 50 oz/100 gal; REI 24h, Bee: L, Group 8D. Do not apply in midday sun or mix with copper.
  • soybean oil (Golden Pest Spray OilOG): 2 gal/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group UN. Apply once a week beginning when mites first appear. Decrease frequency as pest is controlled. 
  • spiromesifen (Oberon 2SC): 8.5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 23. 

Whiteflies, Greenhouse (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and Sweet Potato (Bemisia tabaci)

Transplant clean plants to the field. Because whiteflies can go from egg to adult in a few days, making 2-3 applications 4-5 days apart is important. Alternate IRAC groups to prevent the development of resistance. See whiteflies in the Outdoor Tomato section for more information. 

  • acetamiprid (Assail 30SG): 2.5 to 4 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 4A.
  • afidopyropen (Sefina): 14 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 9D.
  • beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid* XL): 2.8 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A. For suppression of adults only.
  • bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 2.1 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A.
  • Chenopodium extract (Requiem EC): 2 to 3 qt/A; PHI 0d, 4h REI, Bee: L, Group UN. Apply before pests reach damaging levels. For silverleaf whitefly. 
  • Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1 (GrandevoOG): 2 to 3 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: M, Group UN.
  • cyantraniliprole (Exirel): 13.5 to 20.5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 28. For best performance, use with an effective adjuvant.
  • cyantraniliprole (Verimark): 6.75 to 13.5 oz/A at planting, 6.75 to 10 oz/A chemigation/soil injection; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H, Group 28. Allow 1-3 days for control to be translocated into the aerial portions and to fully protect transplants following an at-plant application. Allow 2-5 days for chemigation.
  • deltamethrin (Delta Gold*): 1.5 to 2.4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 3A. Suppression only.
  • dinotefuran (Safari 20SG): 7 to 14 oz/A, 3.5 to 7 oz/100 gal, 0.16 to 0.32 oz/1,000 sq ft; REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. For transplants while in greenhouse. Not for field use.
  • dinotefuran (Venom): 1 to 4 oz/A foliar, 5 to 7.5 oz/A soil; PHI 1d foliar, 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. 
  • flonicamid (Beleaf 50SG): 2.8 to 4.28 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 29. Suppression of greenhouse whitefly only. 
  • flupyradifurone (Sivanto): 10.5 to 14 oz/A foliar, 21 to 28 oz/A soil, 0.34 oz/10,000 plants on seedling transplants in greenhouse (tray drench); PHI 1d foliar, 45d soil and greenhouse, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 4D.
  • gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 3A. See resistance statement on label. Suppression only.
  • imidacloprid (Admire Pro): 1.3 to 2.2 oz/A foliar, 7 to 10.5 oz/A soil, 0.44 oz/10,000 plants on seedling transplants in greenhouse (tray drench); PHI 0d foliar, 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. 
  • insecticidal soap (M-PedeOG): 1.25 to 2.5 oz/gal water; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L. 
  • lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 24h, Bee: H, Group 3A. See resistance statement on label. Suppression only.
  • mineral oil (SuffOil-XOG): 1 to 2 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply as needed. 
  • pymetrozine (Fulfill): 2.75 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 9B. Suppression only. Apply when whiteflies first appear.
  • pyrethrin (PyGanic EC5.0OG): 4.5 to 15.61 oz/A; 0.25 to 0.50 oz/gal, 3 gal/1000 sq ft in greenhouse for backpack sprayers; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 3A.
  • pyriproxyfen (Knack): 8 to 10 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 7C. Higher water volumes provide improved control. Apply when whiteflies reach economic thresholds.
  • sodium tetraborohydrate decahydrate (Prev-AM): 50 oz/100 gal; REI 24h, Bee: L, Group 8D. Do not apply in midday sun or mix with copper.
  • spiromesifen (Oberon 2SC): 8.5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 23. Effective against immature stages.
  • spirotetramat (Movento): 4 to 5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: M, Group 23. Must be tank-mixed with a spray adjuvant with spreading and penetrating properties to maximize leaf uptake and systemicity. Don't use sticker adjuvants. Controls immature stages, may also reduce adult fertility.
  • sulfoxaflor (Closer SC): 4.25 to 4.5 oz/A.; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4C. 
  • thiamethoxam (Actara): 3 to 5.5 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A.
  • thiamethoxam (Platinum 75SG): 1.66 to 3.67 oz/A; PHI 30d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Systemic insecticide used at planting.
Insect Control

Eggplant Weed Control

Eggplant Weed Control
Eggplant - General Eggplant Disease Control Eggplant Insect Control

NOTES: For the herbicides listed below, one product trade name and formulation is provided for each active ingredient along with preharvest interval (PHI), restricted entry interval (REI), resistance management group number, and example of rates and special instructions. In many cases, there are other products available with the same active ingredient. However, not all products with the same active ingredient are registered for use in a crop. Always check the product label to be sure that the crop is listed before using. 

Stale Seedbed

See Stale Seedbed Technique for information on the use of these herbicides or flaming.

Preemergent Herbicides (before weeds germinate)

  • bensulide (Prefar 4E): REI 12h, Group 0. Apply 5-6 qt/A per application. Can be applied before or after planting, but before crops emerge. Incorporate weed growth and crop stubble thoroughly into the soil prior to application. Within 36 hours of application, incorporate 1-2” with shallow cultivation or water through irrigation or rainfall.
  • napropamide (Devrinol 2-XT): REI 24h, Group 0. Apply 2-4 qt/A per application, only 1 application per year. Can only be applied to transplants before planting. Use the lower rate on sandy soils and the higher rate on silt and clay soils. Incorporate 2-4” into the soil with shallow cultivation or water through irrigation or rainfall within 24 hours of application. If using plastic mulch irrigate with sufficient water to wet to a depth of 2-4” if soil is dry, incorporate into the soil, and then lay mulch on the same day as application.
  • pendimethalin (Prowl H2O): PHI 70d, REI 24h, Group 3. Apply 1-3 pt/A per application. Rate based on soil texture. Can be applied broadcast before transplanting or as a directed spray after transplanting. Do not apply before direct-seeding. Can be applied to transplanted raised beds just before laying plastic. May also be applied in a band to previously untreated row middles between the transplanted beds but be sure not to overlap row and row-middle spray. Incorporate into the soil or leave on the soil surface. Treated soil falling into the transplant hole may delay crop growth. Can be used under plastic mulch. Can also be applied after transplanting once the roots are established as a directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants, and between rows. Avoid direct contact with foliage or stems or injury will occur. Mechanically incorporate at blocking, thinning, or layby if sufficient rainfall or irrigation has not occurred.
  • sulfentrazone (Aquesta 4F): REI 12h, Group 14. Apply 2.25-12 oz/A per application, only 1 application per year. Rate based on soil texture, percent organic matter, and soil pH. Apply banded or broadcast before transplanting.
  • trifluaralin (Treflan 4E): REI 12h, Group 3. Apply 1-1.5 pts/A per application. Apply to transplanted eggplant only. Can be applied and incorporated before or after transplanting, using a directed sprayer between rows and beneath plants. Rate based on soil texture, percent organic matter, and rainfall. Has not been tested on all varieties; crop tolerance should be verified before treating the entire field.

Postemergent Herbicides (after weeds germinate)

  • carfentrazone (Aim EC): PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 14. Apply up to 2 oz/A per application, multiple applications allowed per year. Do not exceed 6.1 oz/A per year. Can be applied as a preplant burndown no later than 7 days before seeding. Can also be applied to row middles of emerged crops with hooded sprayers to control emerged weeds, including crops grown on mulch or plastic. Prevent any spray from contacting the crop, or injury will occur. For best results, make application to actively growing weeds up to 4” tall and rosettes less than 3” across.
  • clethodim (Select Max): PHI 20d, REI 24h, Group 1. Apply 9-16 oz/A per application, up to 4 applications allowed per year, a minimum of 14 days apart. Do not exceed 64 oz/A per year. Apply to actively growing grasses. Add 0.25% v:v nonionic surfactant (1 qt/100 gal of spray). Can also be applied as a spot-spray by mixing 0.33-0.66% (0.44-0.85 oz/gal) Select Max and 0.25% v:v nonionic surfactant (0.33 oz/gal). Spray to wet, but do not allow runoff of spray solution.
  • glyphosate (Roundup Power Max): PHI 14d, REI 4h, Group 9. Apply 10 oz to 3.1 qts/A per application, multiple applications allowed per year. Do not exceed 5 qts/A per year. Rate based on target weed species. Can be applied during fallow intervals, prior to planting or transplanting, at planting, or before crop has emerged. Allow a minimum of 3 days between application and seeding and do not apply after seeding. Could cause injury when applied prior to transplanting or direct-seeding into plastic mulch. Remove residual product from plastic mulch with a 0.5” of water through irrigation or rainfall prior to planting.
  • halosulfuron (Sandea): PHI 30d, REI 12h, Group 2. Apply 0.5-1 oz/A per application, multiple applications allowed per year. Do not exceed 2 oz/A per year. Can be applied to row middles/furrows of direct seeded and transplanted eggplant as a banded shielded application while avoiding contact with the crop. If plastic is used on the planted row, adjust equipment to keep the application off the plastic. It is recommended to add 0.25% v:v nonionic surfactant (1 qt/100 gal of spray) to the spray solution for applications where susceptible weeds are present.
  • paraquat (Gramoxone SL 2.0*): REI 12h or 24h, Group 22. Apply 1.3-2.7 pts/A per application, up to 3 applications allowed per year, a minimum of 14 days apart. Do not exceed 8 pts/A per year. Can be applied before, during, or after planting but before emergence. Can also be applied after the crop has emerged with a directed spray. Apply in a minimum of 10 gal/A of spray. May be fatal if swallowed or inhaled. *Restricted use: Applicators must complete an EPA-approved paraquat training every 3 years: https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-safety/paraquat-dichloride-training-certified-applicators.
  • pelargonic acid (Scythe): PHI 1d, REI 12h, Group 0. Apply a 3-10% solution (3-10 gal/100 gal of spray). Apply in 75-200 gal/A of spray. Can use preplant, or as a directed and shielded spray during crop growth. Avoid contact with foliage or crop damage may occur. Spray to wet, but do not allow runoff of spray solution.
  • sethoxydim (Poast): PHI 20d, REI 12h, Group 1. Apply up to 1.5 pt/A per application, multiple applications allowed per year, a minimum of 14 days apart. Do not exceed 3 pts/A per year. Apply to actively growing grasses. Use with crop oil concentrate (2 pt/A) or methylated seed oil (1.5 pt/A). Crop oil can cause injury under hot and humid conditions. Can also be applied as a spot-spray by mixing 1-1.5% (1.3-1.9 oz/gal) Poast and 1% v:v crop oil concentrate (1.3 oz/gal). Spray to wet, but do not allow runoff of spray solution.
Weed Control