Disease Control

Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum)

Anthracnose is common in beans. The causal fungus can be seedborne and may also survive on dry, undecomposed crop residues for up to 5 years. Symptoms begin as red spots on leaves and pods that develop into black lesions. Leaf veins can turn red-brown. Start with certified, disease-free seed and use resistant cultivars. Fungicides may be applied as seed treatments or foliar sprays.

FRAC Group 1:

• thiophanate-methyl (Topsin 4.5 FL): 20 to 40 fl oz/A; PHI 14d succulent, 28d dry; REI 24h succulent, 72h dry. Rate is dependent on crop phenology.

FRAC Group 3:

• azoxystrobin + propiconazole (Quilt Xcel): 10.5 to 14 fl oz/A; PHI 7d succulent, 14d dry; REI 12h, Groups 11 & 3. May cause crop injury. 
• propiconazole (Tilt): 4 fl oz/A; PHI 7d succulent, 0d dry; REI 24h.

FRAC Group 7:

• fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (Priaxor Xemium): 4 to 8 fl oz/A; PHI 7d succulent, 21d dry; REI 12h, Groups 7 & 11. See label for livestock feeding restrictions.
• penthiopyrad (Fontelis): 14 to 30 fl oz/A succulent, 14 to 20 fl oz/A dry; PHI 0d succulent, 21d dry; REI 12h. Maximum 2 applications per year. 

FRAC Group 11:

• azoxystrobin (Quadris F): 6 to 15.5 fl oz/A; PHI 14d dry, 0d succulent; REI 4h.
• azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil (Quadris Opti): 1.6 to 2.4 pt/A; PHI 14d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & M05. Dry bean only. See label for tank mix precautions. 
• azoxystrobin + propiconazole (Quilt Xcel): 10.5 to 14 fl oz/A; PHI 7d succulent, 14d dry; REI 12h, Groups 11 & 3. May cause crop injury. See label for restrictions and warning.
• fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (Priaxor Xemium): 4 to 8 fl oz/A; PHI 7d succulent, 21d dry; REI 12h, Groups 7 & 11. See label for livestock feeding restrictions.
• pyraclostrobin (Headline): 6 to 9 fl oz/A; PHI 7d succulent, 21d dry; REI 12h. See label for livestock feeding restrictions. Apply at the beginning of flowering. Do not make more than 2 applications before rotating to a non-Group 11 fungicide.

FRAC Group BM02:

• Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009 (Howler EVO^OG): 2.5 to 7.5 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h. Use preventatively. 

FRAC Group M05:

• azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil (Quadris Opti): 1.6 to 2.4 pt/A; PHI 14d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & M05. Dry bean only. See label for tank mix precautions. 
• chlorothalonil (Bravo Weather Stik): 1.375 to 2 pt/A; PHI 14d, REI 12h. Dry bean only. 

FRAC Group NC:

• potassium bicarbonate (MilStop SP^OG): 1.25 to 5 lb/100 gal; PHI 0d, REI 1h. See label for small volume applications.

FRAC Group P05:

• Reynoutria sachalinensis extract (Regalia ^OG): 0.5 to 4 qt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h. Ensure thorough coverage. 

Downy Mildew (Phytophthora phaseoli)

Downy mildew appears as a dense mat of white mycelium on infected pods. Sclerotia are not present, differentiating this disease from white mold. There is often a reddish-brown border between healthy and diseased tissue. Resistant lima bean varieties are available. Only Phaseolus species, e.g., snap, dry, and lima beans, are susceptible. Apply seed treatments to protect germinating seedlings against soilborne inoculum. Plow under infected debris in fall. Rotate with crops other than beans for two years.

FRAC Group 4:

• mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold SL): 0.125 to 0.2 pt/A. PHI 3d, REI 48h. Succulent beans only. Must be tank mixed with high rate of another fungicide registered for downy mildew.

FRAC Group 7:

• fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (Priaxor Xemium): 4 to 8 fl oz/A; PHI 7d succulent, 21d dry; REI 12h, Groups 7 & 11. Maximum 2 applications per year.

FRAC Group 11:

• fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (Priaxor Xemium): 4 to 8 fl oz/A; PHI 7d succulent, 21d dry; REI 12h, Groups 7 & 11. Maximum 2 applications per year.
• pyraclostrobin (Headline): 6 to 9 fl oz/A; PHI 7d succulent, 21d dry; REI 12h. Do not make more than 2 applications before rotating to a non-Group 11 fungicide. See label for livestock feeding restrictions

FRAC Group 21:

• cyazofamid (Ranman 400SC): 2.75 fl oz/A; PHI 0d succulent, 14d dry; REI 12h. Succulent beans only. Tank mix with organosilicone or non-ionic surfactant

FRAC Group BM02:

• Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009 (Howler EVO^OG): 2.5 to 7.5 lb/A, PHI 0d, REI 4h. Use preventatively.  

FRAC Group M01:

• copper hydroxide (Kocide 3000): 0.5 to 1.25 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 48h. Do not apply in a spray solution with pH less than 6.5 or tank mix with Aliette. An OMRI-listed formulation is available (Kocide 3000-O^OG).

FRAC Group M05:

• chlorothalonil (Bravo Weather Stik): 1.375 to 2 pt/A; PHI 14d, REI 12h. Dry bean only. 

FRAC Group NC:

• potassium bicarbonate (MilStop SP^OG): 1.25 to 5 lb/100 gal; PHI 0d, REI 1h. See label for small volume applications.

FRAC Group P07:

• potassium salts of phosphorous acid (Fosphite): 1 to 3 qt/100gal; PHI 0d, REI 4h. To avoid phototoxicity do not apply to heat- or moisture-stressed crops or plants recently treated with copper.

Rhizoctonia solani

Rhizoctonia solani causes stem cankers and damping-off in peas and beans. The pathogen survives as sclerotia (fungal survival structures) and mycelium in the soil and in plant debris. It is spread by wind, rain, irrigation water, and movement of infested soil. When a field becomes infested, it remains so indefinitely. Seedlings and young plants are highly susceptible to infection. Disease severity is increased by low soil temperatures and compaction. Seed decay and damping-off can be controlled by using high-quality seed and with practices that encourage rapid germination and emergence. Soil preparation that minimizes soil compaction and structural damage will lessen disease severity. Rotate crops with a cereal or pasture crop; avoid beets, beans, brassicas, and potatoes, all of which increase inoculum. Cover crops and other practices that increase organic matter and improve soil structure are recommended. Some brassica crops (mustard, rape) used as green manure have been reported to suppress soil-borne diseases, including R. solani..

FRAC Group 11:

• azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil (Quadris Opti): 1.6 to 2.4 pt/A; PHI 14d, REI 12h, Group 11 & M05. Dry bean only. Labeled for web blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani. See label for tank mixing restrictions. 

FRAC Group 12:

• fludioxonil (Maxim 4FS): 0.08 to 0.16 oz/100 lb seed; REI 12h. For protection against seedborne and soilborne fungi.

FRAC Group BM02: 

• Bacillus amyloliquefaciens F727 (Stargus ^OG): 1 to 4 qt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h. Apply preventatively.

FRAC Group M03:

• thiram (Thiram 42-S): 2 fl oz/100 lb seed for snap and dry beans, 3 fl oz/100 lb seed for lima beans; REI 24h. Basal stem/stalk rot and seedling blight and damping-off generally.

FRAC Group P05:

• Reynoutria sachalinensis extract (Regalia ^OG): 1 to 4 qt/A; PHI 0D, REI 4h. Apply to ensure thorough coverage.

Rust (Uromyces appendiculatus)

Appears on the undersides of leaves as small, distinct reddish pustules that produce dust-like spores. Defoliation can occur in severe cases. Plant resistant varieties. Plow under, bury, or otherwise destroy crop residues to reduce overwintering inoculum. Rotate away from beans for 2 years or up to 5 years in reduced-tillage systems. Avoid overfertilizing with nitrogen and ensure adequate potassium. In pole bean production, disinfect poles between seasons. Encourage airflow with adequate plant spacing. If using overhead irrigation, irrigate early in the day to allow foliage to dry.

FRAC Group 11:

• azoxystrobin (Quadris F): 6 fl oz/A; PHI 14d dry, 0d succulent; REI 4h. Use a non-ionic surfactant.
• azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil (Quadris Opti): 1.6 to 2.4 pt/A; PHI 14d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & M05. See label for tank mix precautions. Dry bean only. 
• azoxystrobin + propiconazole (Quilt Xcel): 10.5 to 14 fl oz/A; PHI 7d succulent, 14 dry, REI 12h, Groups 11 & 3. May cause crop injury. 
• fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (Priaxor Xemium): 4 to 8 fl oz/A; PHI 7d succulent, 21d dry; REI 12h, Groups 7 & 11. Maximum 2 applications per year.

FRAC Group BM02:

• Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 (DoubleNickel 55^OG): 0.25 to 3 lb/A (foliar); PHI 0d, REI 4h.

FRAC Group M05:

• chlorothalonil (Bravo Weather Stik): 1.375 to 3 pt/A succulent, 1.375 to 2 pt/A dry; PHI 7d succulent, 14d dry, REI 12h.

FRAC Group 3:

• myclobutanil (Rally 40WSP): 4 to 5 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 24h. Observe a 30-day plant back interval.
• propiconazole (Tilt): 4 fl oz/A; PHI 7d succulent, 0d dry; REI 12h. May cause plant injury in certain bean varieties. 

FRAC Group 7:

• penthiopyrad (Fontelis): 14 to 30 fl oz/A; PHI 0d succulent, 21d dry; REI 12h. Maximum 2 applications per year. 

FRAC Group 11:

• pyraclostrobin (Headline): 6 to 9 fl oz/A; PHI 7d succulent, 21d dry; REI 12h. Do not make more than 2 applications per season before rotating with a non-Group 11 fungicide. See label for livestock feeding restrictions

FRAC Group M02:

• sulfur (Microthiol Disperss^OG): 3 to 10 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 24h. See label for restrictions and phytotoxicity warnings. 

Seed Decay

Buy treated seed. Do not use treated seed for food or feed.

FRAC Group 4:

• mefenoxam (Apron XL): 0.16 to 0.64 fl oz/100 lb seed; REI 48h. For Pythium damping off and early season Phytophthora protection.

FRAC Group 12:

• fludioxonil (Maxim 4FS): 0.08 to 0.16 oz/100 lb seed; REI 12h. For protection against seedborne and soilborne fungi.

FRAC Group BM02:

• Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 (Double Nickel 55^OG): 0.125 to 1 lb/A (soil); PHI 0d, REI 4h.
• Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61 (MycoStop^OG): See label for rate information; REI 4h. Rates vary by treatment method or unit of seed to be treated. 

FRAC Group M03:

• thiram (Thiram 42-S): 3 fl oz/100 lb seed for lima bean, 2 fl oz/100 lb seed for snap and dry beans; REI 24h.

White Mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)

Space plants in way that allows good air circulation. Plant on well-drained soil. Sclerotinia produces sclerotia, which are hard, black structures that are 1/16"–1/2" long, inside or on the surface of infected tissue. Sclerotia can survive for years in the soil and are responsible for initiating disease. Germination of sclerotia is weather dependent, with peak germination at 52°F though some sclerotia germinate over a wider range of temperatures. A minimum of 10 consecutive days of available water in soil is also required for germination of sclerotia. Many vegetable crops and weeds are susceptible to this fungus; corn and grasses are not. Lettuce, cabbage, tomato, carrot, brassicas, and snap beans are among the most susceptible and should not be grown on land known to be contaminated with Sclerotinia. After an episode of disease, rotate away from susceptible crops for 7 years. A single infected head of cabbage may produce more than 1,000 sclerotia. Removal of diseased plant material as soon as possible is highly recommended.

FRAC Group 1:

• thiophanate-methyl (Topsin 4.5 FL): 20 to 40 oz/A; PHI 14d succulent, 28d dry, REI 24h succulent and 72h dry. Rate is dependent on crop phenology.

FRAC Group 2:

• iprodione (Rovral 4F): 1.5 to 2 pt/A; PHI 14d, REI 24h. Maximum 2 applications per season. Last application no later than peak bloom. Thorough coverage is essential. See label for livestock feeding restrictions.

FRAC Group 7:

• boscalid (Endura): 8 to 11 oz/A; PHI 7d succulent, 21d dry, REI 12h. Do not make more than 2 applications per season.
• penthiopyrad (Fontelis): 16 to 30 fl oz/A; PHI 0d succulent, 21d dry; REI 12h. Maximum 2 applications per year.

FRAC Group 9:

• cyprodinil + fludioxonil (Switch 6.25 WG): 11 to 14 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Groups 9 & 12. Make the first application at 10-20% bloom. In some locations a single application at this timing will provide adequate disease control.

FRAC Group 14:

• PCNB (Blocker 4F): 4 pt/A or 4.4 fl oz/1,000 ft; REI 12h. Snap or dry beans only. Do not feed treated vines to livestock.

FRAC Group 29:

• fluazinam (Omega 500F): 8 to 13.6 fl/A; PHI 14d succulent, 30d dry and lima; REI 12h. Make the first application at 10%–30% bloom. 

FRAC Group BM02:

• Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 (Stargus^OG): 1 to 4 qt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h. Apply in furrow at planting in a minimum of 5–15 gallons of water/A. 
• Coniothyrium minitans Strain CON/M/91-08 (Contans WG^OG): 1 to 4 lb/A in 20 to 50 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h. Spray on the soil surface and incorporate into the top 2" of soil. Do not tank mix with other fungicides. 
• Ulocladium oudemansii (U3 strain) (BotryStop^OG): 2 to 4 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h. Begin application when conditions are conducive to disease development.

FRAC Group P04:

• laminarin (Vacciplant): 14 to 22 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h. 

Bacterial Diseases (Pseudomonas spp. and Xanthomonas spp.)

Bacterial leaf diseases include bacterial bean blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli), bacterial brown spot or rot (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae), and halo blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola). Plant disease-free seed from a reliable supplier. Eliminate wild cherries and lilacs near bean fields. Do not cultivate or harvest when plants are wet. Use a 2-year rotation. Plow under infected debris in fall.

FRAC Group M01:

• copper hydroxide (Kocide 3000): 0.5 to 1.25 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 48h. Do not apply with a spray solution with a pH less than 6.5 or tank mix with Aliette. An OMRI-listed formulation is available (Kocide 3000-O^OG).

FRAC Group M05:

• Reynoutria sachalinensis extract (Regalia^OG): 0.5 to 4 qt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h. Apply to ensure thorough coverage. 

FRAC Group P04:

• laminarin (Vacciplant): 14 to 22 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h. 

Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV)

BCMV causes mosaic and lesions of the foliage, as well as blackened roots. Several different strains of the virus are recognized; the symptoms and host ranges vary according to the strain. The virus can be seedborne and is transmitted by at least 12 species of aphids in a nonpersistent manner. Resistant varieties are readily available and constitute the most reliable means of control. Seed treatment, insecticides, and rouging of diseased plants are of little value.

Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (BYMV)

Many strains of this virus are known. Symptoms of BYMV are similar to those of BCMV. However, BYMV is not seedborne and unlike BCMV, BYMV is spread in a persistent manner by more than 20 species of aphids. Entire plantings may become infected, resulting in substantial yield losses. Disease outbreaks are often correlated with the presence of virus-source plants such as sweet clover, white clover, crimson clover, and Gladiolus spp. Since the virus overwinters in legumes such as clover and vetch, beans should be planted at least 800 ft away from these species. Insecticides applied early will reduce spread. Control weeds. Plant BYMV resistant varieties (see Varieties).