Disease Control : New England Vegetable Management Guide : UMass Amherst

NOTES: For the disease control products listed below, one product trade name and formulation is provided for each active ingredient (common name) as an example of rates, preharvest interval (PHI), restricted entry interval (REI), and special instructions. In many cases, there are other products available with the same active ingredient. Please see Table 26 and Fungicides and Bactericides Alphabetical Listing by Trade Name for more information on products with the same active ingredients.

The symbol OG indicates a product is listed by the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) as approved for use in organic production. See Organic Certification section for more details.

Leaf Blight/Spot (Cercospora, Septoria, or Alternaria)

Use certified, disease-free seed or treat seed with hot water or fungicides. Rotate fields. Irrigate early in the day to allow foliage to dry quickly. Use wider plant spacing and/or raised beds to improve air circulation. Plant resistant or tolerant varieties. Apply fungicides based upon a disease forecasting system.

azoxystrobin plus chlorothalonil (Quadris Opti): 2.4 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & M 05. See label for tank mix precautions. Not labeled for parsnip.
azoxystrobin plus propiconazole (Quilt Xcel): 14.0 fl oz/A; PHI 14d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & 3. Not labeled for parsnip.
boscalid (Endura): 4.5 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 7. For Alternaria only. Do not make more than two applications per season.
difenoconazole plus cyprodinil (Inspire Super): 16.0 to 20.0 fl oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Groups 3 & 9. Not labeled for parsnip.
chlorothalonil (Bravo Weather Stik): 1.5 to 2.0 pt/A; PHI 0d (carrot), 10d (parsnip), REI 12h, Group M 05.
copper hydroxide (Kocide 3000): 0.75 to 1.5 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 48h, Group M 01. Do not apply in a spray solution having a pH of less than 6.5 or tank mix with Aliette. Not labeled for parsnip.
cyprodinil plus fludioxonil (Switch 6.25 WG): 11.0 to 14.0 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Groups 9 & 12. For Alternaria only.
fluazinam (Omega 500F): 16.0 pt/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Group 29. For Alternaria on carrot only.
fluopyram + difenoconazole (Luna Flex): 11.0 to 13.6 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Group 3 & 7. Labeled for carrot only. Do not make more than 2 sequential applications before ratation with different Group.
fluxapyroxad plus pyraclostrobin (Merivon Xemium): 4.0 to 5.5 fl oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Groups 7 & 11.
iprodione (Rovral 4F): 1.0 to 2.0 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 24h, Group 2. For Alternaria on carrot only.
penthiopyrad (Fontelis): 16.0 to 30.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 7.
polyoxin D zinc salt (OSO 5%SC): 6.5 to 13.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group 19.
Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009 (Howler^OG): 2.5 to 7.5 lbs/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group BM 02. Use preventatively. Labeled for greenhouse use.
propiconazole (Tilt): 3.0 to 4.0 fl oz/A; PHI 14d, REI 24h, Group 3. Labeled for Alternaria suppression. See label for application restrictions.
pydiflumetofen plus fludioxonil (Miravis Prime): 6.8 fl oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Groups 7 & 12. See label for application restrictions.
pyraclostrobin plus boscalid (Pristine): 8.0 to 10.5 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & 7. Do not alternate with other Group 11 fungicides.
Swinglea glutinosa extract (EcoSwing^OG): 1.5 to 2.0 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group BM 01. Not labeled for parsnip. Use preventatively. Use minimum of 10gal water/A.
trifloxystrobin (Flint): 2.0 to 3.0 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Group 11. Do not graze or feed leaves/foliage of treated crops. Do not alternate with other Group 11 fungicides.

Crater Rot (Rhizoctonia carotae)

Crater rot caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia carotae is a post-harvest disease of carrot that can occur during prolonged cold storage (greater than 30 days). The disease is characterized by long, dark, horizontal legions on stored roots. The pathogen is soilborne and initial infection occurs before harvest. Late-harvested carrots may have higher amounts of infection. The fungus then develops in cold storage (4-6°C), especially when there is a film of moisture or very high humidity. Under high disease pressure, carrots can be dipped in fungicides or inorganic salts prior to storage. Washing carrots in water can also reduce inoculum clinging to root surfaces. Disinfestation of crates and other equipment minimizes disease development. Proper cold storage that avoids temperature fluctuations and condensation reduces disease and prevent dehydration. Removal of carrots from cold storage early can prevent losses.

Parsnip Blight (Pseudomonas marginalis)

Causes browning through the interior of the root. Practice at least a 2-year rotation.

Root and Crown Rot (Rhizoctonia solani)

Symptoms include dieback of foliage and brown sunken lesions on crowns. The pathogen has a wide host range making crop rotation as a disease management tactic unsuccessful. Problems with this disease are more severe in organic soils and whenever undecomposed crop residue is present. Avoid crops such as alfalfa and legume cover crops which can increase disease risk. Wide spacing, weed control, and clean cultivation help reduce field infection by allowing soil to dry quickly. Avoid harvesting late in the season.

azoxystrobin (Quadris F): See label for in-furrow and drench rates; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group 11. Rate varies for leaves and root/tuber vegetables. See label.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 (Stargus^OG): 2.0 to 4.0 qt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group BM 02. See label for application methods. Apply preventatively in a minimum of 50 gallons of water/A.
Bacillus subtilis Strain QST 713 (Minuet): 6.0 to 12.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group BM02. Soil applied. See label for restrictions.
Trichoderma asperellum (ICC 012) plus, T. gamsii (ICC 080), (Bio-tam 2.0^OG): See label for in-furrow, drench, and broadcast rates; REI 4h, Group BM 02.

Sore Head (Itersonilia perplexans)

Occurs on parsnip only. Cankers form primarily on the crown and shoulders. Plant on raised beds in well-drained soil. The varieties 'Gladiator' and 'Andover' are somewhat resistant. Rotate parsnip with non-susceptible hosts and control wild Apiaceae plant hosts. Start with certified, disease-free seed. Protect roots by covering crowns and exposed upper roots with soil. Deep plow plant residue to reduce soilborne inoculum. Rarely occurs on young plants. Monitor fields near maturity and harvest affected fields early. Fungicide sprays are not effective.

White Mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)

Fluffy white mycelium and black sclerotia distinguish this disease from other crown and root rots of carrots. The sclerotia can survive for many years on the soil. Rotate with small grains. Handle carrots carefully at harvest and washing. Use a post-harvest sanitizer and change wash water frequently to reduce spread of pathogens. Clean and disinfect storage containers and harvesting equipment between batches. Cool carrots quickly to remove field heat. Inspect and dispose of infested carrots. Maintain storage and shipping temperatures of 32°F and 95% relative humidity.

penthiopyrad (Fontelis): 16.0 to 30.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 7.
thiabendazole (Mertect 340F): 41.0 fl oz/100 gal; REI 12h, Group 1. Dip carrots before storage.
fluazinam (Omega 500F): 16.0 fl oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Group 29.
fluopyram + difenoconazole (Luna Flex): 11.0 to 13.6 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Group 3 & 7. Labeled for carrot only. Do not make more than 2 sequential applications before ratation with different Group.
laminarim (Vacciplant): 14.0 to 22.0 fl oz/A; PHI od, REI 4h, Group P04. See label for application methods and restrictions.
Ulocladium oudemansii (U3 strain) (BotryStop WP^OG): 2.0 to 4.0 lbs/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group BM 02. Not labeled for parsnip. Begin application when conditions are conducive to disease development.

Aster Yellows

Remove inoculum sources by controlling weeds (alternate hosts). Avoid fields near pastures or riverbanks that harbor susceptible vegetation. Destroy residues from susceptible crops immediately after harvest. Control the six-spotted leafhopper that carries the phytoplasma (see Carrot and Parsnip, Insect Control).

Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.)

Low densities of root knot nematodes before planting means susceptible crops will suffer damage. Monitor soils for nematode populations. Rotate with non-hosts such as cereals. Practice soil solarization or field fumigation in the fall. See Soil Fumigation Outdoors.

Purpureocillium lilacinum strain 251 (Melocon (LC and WG)): See label for application rates; PHI 0d, REI 4h, group NC. See label for application methods and restrictions. Treat just prior to transplanting.