Stale Seedbed
The following herbicides are nonselective and are used to control weeds that are present in a field prior to planting or before the crop emerges, which is especially useful for the Stale Seedbed Technique (see the Weed Management section for more information).
- glyphosate (Roundup Power Max): PHI 14d, REI 4h, Group 9.
- paraquat (Gramoxone SL 3.0*): REI 48h, Group 22. May be fatal if swallowed or inhaled. *Restricted use: Applicators must complete an EPA-approved paraquat training every 3 years: https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-safety/paraquat-dichloride-training-certified-applicators.
- pelargonic acid (Scythe): PHI 1d, REI 12h, Group 0.
Preemergent Herbicides (before weeds germinate)
HRAC Group 0:
bensulide (Prefar 4E): 5 to 6 qt/A; REI 12h. Apply before transplanting. May be used under plastic. Grass control only.
napropamide (Devrinol 2-XT): 2 to 4 qt/A; REI 24h. 1 application per year. Apply before transplanting. May be applied before laying plastic mulch or between plasticulture beds.
HRAC Group 3:
pendimethalin (Prowl H2O): 1 to 3 pt/A; PHI 70d, REI 24h. Apply as a broadcast surface application under plastic mulch, before transplanting crops, in a band to previously untreated row middles between beds, or as a directed spray after planting transplants.
trifluaralin (Treflan 4E): 1 to 1.5 pt/A; REI 12h. Apply before or after transplanting, using a directed sprayer between rows and beneath plants. Incorporate within 24 hours of application; a second incorporation in the opposite direction may be required.
HRAC Group 14:
sulfentrazone (Aquesta 4F): 2.25 to 12 fl oz/A; REI 12h. 1 application per year. Apply banded or broadcast before transplanting.
Postemergent Herbicides (after weeds germinate)
HRAC Group 0:
pelargonic acid (Scythe): 3% to 10% solution; PHI 1d, REI 12h. Apply preplant, or as a directed and shielded spray during crop growth. Contact with crop will cause damage.
HRAC Group 1:
clethodim (Select Max): 9 to 16 fl oz/A; PHI 20d, REI 24h. Do not exceed 64 fl oz/A per year. Apply to actively growing grasses.
sethoxydim (Poast): Up to 1.5 pt/A; PHI 20d, REI 12h. Do not exceed 3 pt/A per year. Apply to actively growing grasses. BASF has stopped production and will discontinue the registration at the end of 2027.
HRAC Group 2:
halosulfuron (Sandea): 0.5 to 1 oz/A; PHI 30d, REI 12h. Do not exceed 2 oz/A per year. Apply to row middles/furrows as a banded shielded application. Keep spray off of plastic mulch.
HRAC Group 9:
glyphosate (Roundup Power Max): 10 fl oz to 3.1 qt/A; PHI 14d, REI 4h. Do not exceed 5 qt/A per year. Apply during fallow intervals and up until 3 days prior to planting, or to row middles with a hooded or shielded sprayer or with wiper applicator. Spray contact can cause crop death. Spray additive recommendation varies with formulation—see label.
HRAC Group 14:
carfentrazone (Aim EC): 0.5 to 2 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h. Do not exceed 6.1 fl oz/A per year. Apply as a preplant burndown no later than 1 day before transplanting, or with a hooded sprayer to row middles of emerged crops. Contact with crop will cause damage.
HRAC Group 22:
paraquat (Gramoxone SL 3.0*): 1.3 to 2.7 pt/A; REI 48h. Do not exceed 8 pt/A per year. Apply before, during, or after planting but before emergence. Or, apply after the crop has emerged with a directed spray. May be fatal if swallowed or inhaled. *Restricted use: Applicators must complete an EPA-approved paraquat training every 3 years: https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-safety/paraquat-dichloride-training-certified-applicators.