Insect Control

Caution: Insecticides should not be applied when bees are active in the field. Avoid products with high or moderate bee toxicity during bloom. If application of an insecticide is necessary while the crop is blooming, select products with low bee toxicity or with short residual period and/or apply in the evening after the bees have left the field. See Protecting Honeybees and Native Pollinators or more suggestions on how to avoid harmful effects on pollinators.

Aphids, Green Peach (Myzus persicae) and Melon (Aphis gossypii)

Aphids found in cucurbits include green peach aphid and melon aphid. See the Pepper insect control section for information on green peach aphid and the Cucumber, Muskmelon, and Watermelon insect control section for information on melon aphid.

Scout weekly for aphids by inspecting the underside of 5 fully grown leaves at each of 10 sites per field. Note what proportion of leaves have 5 or more aphids and treat if 20% of leaves have 5 or more aphids per leaf and the population is increasing. Pumpkin, gourd, and squash varieties differ in attractiveness to aphids. Spot treatment of susceptible varieties may be appropriate. Use selective products to conserve beneficials that suppress aphids. During bloom, avoid products that are toxic to bees, or treat in the evening after bees stop foraging.

IRAC Group 1:

• malathion (Malathion 57EC): 1.5 pt/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h for winter squash and pumpkin, 24h for summer squash, Bee: H, Group 1B. Do not apply unless plants are dry.
• methomyl (Lannate* LV): 1.5 to 3 pt/A; PHI 1d for 1.5 pt/A, 3d for over 1.5 pt/A, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 1A. For summer squash and other "soft" squash that is harvested and consumed when immature only. Melon aphid only.
• oxamyl (Vydate* L): 2 to 4 pt/A foliar; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 1A.

IRAC Group 3:

• bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 2.6 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• fenpropathrin (Danitol* 2.4EC): 10.66 to 16 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 24h, Bee: H. May be combined with Belay (see label for rates and increased PHI).
• gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.54 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Bee: H. See resistance statement on label. 
• lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.92 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H. See resistance statement on label.
• pyrethrin (PyGanic EC5.0^OG): 4.5 to 15.61 oz/A, or 0.25 to 0.50 oz/gal and 3 gal/1000 sq ft in greenhouse for backpack sprayers; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M.

IRAC Group 4:

• acetamiprid (Assail 30SG): 2.5 to 4 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 4A.
• dinotefuran (Safari 20SG): 3.5 to 7 oz/100 gal, 7 to 14 oz/A, 0.16 to 0.32 oz/1,000 sq ft.; REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Squash transplants only, while in greenhouse. Not for field use.
• dinotefuran (Venom): 1 to 4 oz/A foliar, 5 to 7.5 oz/A soil; PHI 1d foliar, 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Do not apply to vegetables grown for seed. Suppression only.
• flupyradifurone (Sivanto): 10.5 to 14 oz/A foliar green peach aphids, 7 to 14 oz/A foliar other aphids; 21 to 28 oz/A soil, 0.34 oz/10,000 plants on seedling transplants in greenhouse (tray drench); PHI 1d foliar, 21d soil/greenhouse, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 4D.
• imidacloprid (Admire Pro): 7 to 10.5 oz/A soil; 0.44 oz/10,000 plants on seedling transplants in greenhouse (tray drench); PHI 21d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Not for foliar applications.
• thiamethoxam (Platinum 75SG): 1.66 to 3.67 oz/A; PHI 30d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Systemic insecticide used at planting.

IRAC Group 8:

• sodium tetraborohydrate decahydrate (Prev-AM): 100 oz/100 gal; REI 24h, Bee: L, Group 8D. Do not apply in midday sun or mix with copper.

IRAC Group 9:

• afidopyropen (Sefina): 3 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 9D.
• pymetrozine (Fulfill): 2.75 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 9B. Selective control of aphids. Translaminar. 

IRAC Group 21:

• tolfenpyrad (Torac): 17 to 21 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H.

IRAC Group 28:

• cyantraniliprole (Exirel): 13.5 to 20.5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H. For best performance, use with an effective adjuvant.
• cyantraniliprole (Verimark): 6.75 to 13.5 oz/A melon aphid, 10 to 13.5 oz/A green peach aphid at planting; 6.75 to 10 oz/A melon aphid, 10 oz/A green peach aphid chemigation; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H. Chemigation allowed during the first half of the crop growing cycle.
• cyclaniliprole (Harvanta 50SL): 10.9 to 16.4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H. For best results, use with an effective adjuvant. Use the high labeled rate for best performance. Melon aphid only.

IRAC Group 29:

• flonicamid (Beleaf 50SG): 2 to 2.8 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L.

IRAC Group UN:

• azadirachtin (Azatin O^OG): 4 to 16 oz/A foliar or drench, 4 to 16 oz/100 gal in greenhouses; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. When using lower rates, combine with adjuvant for improved spray coverage and translaminar uptake.
• Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1 (Grandevo^OG): 2 to 3 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: M.
• insecticidal soap (M-Pede^OG): 1.25 to 2.5 oz/gal water; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L. Apply with a labeled companion insecticide on green peach aphids. On other aphids, use of a companion insecticide is recommended for enhanced and residual control. Do not mix with sulfur. 
• mineral oil (SuffOil-X^OG): 1 to 2 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply as needed.

Cucumber Beetle, Striped (Acalymma vittatum) and Spotted (Diabrotica undecimpunctata)

See the Cucumber, Muskmelon, and Watermelon insect control section for more information on cucumber beetle life cycle and cultural management. In pumpkin and squash, manage striped cucumber beetle to prevent losses from direct feeding damage as well as from bacterial wilt vectored by beetle feeding. The most susceptible period is from crop emergence to the 5-true-leaf stage. Scout at least 25 plants to monitor the number of beetles and damage. An action threshold of 1–2 beetles per plant is recommended; use the higher threshold for crops with vigorous early growth and lower susceptibility to wilt, such as butternut and pumpkin, and the lower threshold for summer squash. At later growth stages, the crop should be treated if there is significant damage to fruit. Fruit feeding by adult beetles may occur late in the season, especially on pumpkin. Where possible, avoid insecticide applications during flowering to protect bees; if sprays are needed, treat after dark when bees are no longer foraging and use products that have low impact on bees. If multiple treatments are needed, rotate to a product with a different mode of action.

Perimeter trap cropping has been shown to reduce or eliminate main crop sprays while providing effective control of beetles. Plant 1 or 2 rows of Blue Hubbard, buttercup squash, or another Cucurbita maxima variety in an unbroken perimeter around the field. Always use 2 rows near woods or last year's fields, and space plants no wider than the between-row spacing that is used in the main crop. These perimeter crops will concentrate incoming beetles in the border because they are generally more attractive to beetles than winter squash, summer squash, and pumpkin, which are C. moschata or C. pepo types. Note that some specialty pumpkin varieties are C. maxima types and very attractive to beetles. Do not use a crop that is highly susceptible to bacterial wilt in the border. Beetles should be killed in the border, either by applying foliar insecticide when beetles first arrive or using a systemic insecticide at planting. Scout both borders and main crop to assess beetle numbers. Repeat perimeter sprays if needed to prevent influx into the main crop, and spray the main field if thresholds are exceeded. Attractive crop types that are planted in rows within the main field also work as trap crops that draw beetles as they move around within the field. These trap crops can be selectively sprayed.

IRAC Group 1:

• carbaryl (Sevin XLR Plus): 1 qt/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 1A. Do not apply to crops or weeds in bloom.
• methomyl (Lannate* LV): 1.5 to 3 pt/A; PHI 1d for 1.5 pt/A, 3d for over 1.5 pt/A, REI 48h, Bee: H, Group 1A. For summer squash and other "soft" squash that is harvested and consumed when immature only. 

IRAC Group 3:

• beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid* XL): 2.4 to 2.8 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 2.6 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• deltamethrin (Delta Gold*): 1.5 to 2.4 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• esfenvalerate (Asana* XL): 5.8 to 9.6 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H. Adults only.
• fenpropathrin (Danitol* 2.4EC): 10.66 to 16 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 24h, Bee: H. May be combined with Belay (see label for rates and increased PHI). 
• gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Bee: H. Adults only.
• lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H. Adults only.
• permethrin (Pounce* 25WP): 6.4 to 12.8 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H. Adults only.
• pyrethrin (PyGanic EC5.0^OG): 4.5 to 15.61 oz/A, or 0.25 to 0.50 oz/gal and 3 gal/1000 sq ft in greenhouse for backpack sprayers; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M.
• zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang* Maxx): 2.8 to 4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H. Adults only.

IRAC Group 4:

• acetamiprid (Assail 30SG): 2.5 to 5.3 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A.
• dinotefuran (Venom): 1 to 4 oz/A foliar; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Do not apply to vegetables grown for seed.
• imidacloprid (Admire Pro): 7 to 10.5 oz/A; PHI 21d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Soil applications only.
• thiamethoxam (Platinum 75SG): 1.66 to 3.67 oz/A; PHI 30d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Systemic insecticide used at planting. Suppression only.

IRAC Group 8:

• cryolite (Prokil Cryolite): 8 to 16 lb/A; PHI 7d for summer squash, 14d for pumpkins and winter squash, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 8C.

IRAC Group 28:

• cyclaniliprole (Harvanta 50SL): 10.9 to 16.4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H. Striped cucumber beetle only.

IRAC Group UN:

• kaolin (Surround WP^OG): 25 to 50 lb/A, 0.25 to 0.5 lb/gal; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Suppression only. Supplemental controls may be needed for complete control.

Cutworms

Cutworms are caterpillars that hide under the soil surface adjacent to the plant stem during the day and feed after dark. Larvae may occasionally cut stems of seedlings. Spot spray heavily damaged sections of the field. For best results, make application between midnight and dawn while cutworms are feeding aboveground. See the Pepper and Tomato (Outdoor) insect control sections for more information on black and variegated cutworms.

IRAC Group 3:

• beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid* XL): 0.8 to 1.6 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 2.6 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• deltamethrin (Delta Gold*): 1 to 2.4 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• esfenvalerate (Asana* XL): 5.8 to 9.6 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H. Seedling spray only.
• gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Bee: H.
• lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H.
• permethrin (Pounce* 25WP): 6.4 to 12.8 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang* Maxx): 1.28 to 4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H.

IRAC Group 5:

• spinosad (Seduce^OG): 20 to 44 lb/A, 0.5 to1 lb/1000 sq ft.; PHI 3d, REI 4h, Bee: M. Spread bait on soil around plants.

IRAC Group 11:

• Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai (XenTari^OG): 0.5 to 2 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Must be ingested. 

IRAC Group UN:

• Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1 (Grandevo^OG): 1 to 3 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: M.

Seedcorn Maggot (Delia platura)

See the Beans: Snap, Lima, and Dry insect control section for information on seedcorn maggot.

IRAC Group 28:

• cyantraniliprole (Verimark): 10 to 13.5 oz/A soil at planting except when applied as shank injection; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: H. Apply as in-furrow spray or transplant tray drench no earlier than 72 hours prior to planting in field, or as transplant water treatment, hill drench, or surface band. 

Slugs

See the Cabbage, Broccoli, Cauliflower, and Other Brassica Crops insect control section for information on slugs.

IRAC Group UN:

• iron phosphate (Sluggo: Snail and Slug Bait^OG): 20 to 44 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 0h, Bee: L. Apply around perimeter, scatter around base of plants, or band down rows. Apply to moist soil in the evening.

Squash Beetle (Epilachna borealis)

Squash beetle is a minor pest of cucurbits, and is generally limited to southern New England. Like its close relative the Mexican bean beetle, it is a leaf-eating member of the ladybeetle family. Adults overwinter in field edges. They have the typical ladybeetle shape and are 8–10 mm long, red-orange, with 12 black spots on their wing covers (elytra) and 6 on the thorax. The yellow egg clusters and yellow larvae covered with dark spines may be found on all cucurbit crops, in wild cucurbit weeds, and occasionally on lima bean, cowpea pods, or corn silk. Pupation takes place on the underside of the leaf or in nearby weeds. Feeding by adults and larvae creates round scars in leaves, leaving lacy veins intact. Adults can also produce spiral scars on the fruit which may render them unmarketable. The first generation eggs are plentiful in June, and the life cycle is completed in about 4–5 weeks. There is 1 generation per year in New England but 2 farther south. They are not strong fliers, so crop rotation to distant fields helps to limit colonization and populations. However, when production space is limited, they can build up until they become an economic pest. Tilling in early summer squash and cucumber fields after harvest in July, when the beetles are still in the larval stage, will help limit populations. Row covers can exclude the beetles. In addition to those listed below, several common insecticides that are labeled for other pests of cucurbits will control squash beetle including spinosad, spinetoram, and pyrethrin.

IRAC Group 3:

• gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Bee: H.
• lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H.

IRAC Group UN:

• mineral oil (SuffOil-X^OG): 1 to 2 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply as needed. For beetle larvae only.

Squash Vine Borer (Melittia cucurbitae)

Squash vine borers (SVB) are day-flying moths, with bright orange markings on their backs and legs. They resemble wasps. Most eggs are laid on the stem within a foot of the soil. Hatching larvae tunnel into the stem and cause wilting, reduce squash yields or even sever the stem from the roots. In rare cases when populations are very high, larvae may bore into fruit. The large cream-colored larvae are 1"–1.5" long and 3/8" wide. The pupae survive the winter 1"–2" deep in the soil. Spring or fall plowing buries pupae deep in the soil and reduces populations. Preferred hosts have thick stems, while thin-stemmed squash tend to be more resistant to attack. Yields of summer squash can be reduced by 33% if infestations exceed 5 larvae per plant. Pumpkins can sustain high infestations without yield reductions. Butternut squash are resistant to SVB. Monitor with a Scentry Heliothis pheromone trap from early June through early August. Make 2–4 weekly applications if more than 5 moths per week are captured. Timing is very important. Treat base of stems thoroughly to target hatching larvae. Some selective materials used for other caterpillars in squash, such as spinosyns and Bacillus thuringiensis aizawi, have demonstrated efficacy in trials.

IRAC Group 3:

• bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 2.6 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• esfenvalerate (Asana* XL): 5.8 to 9.6 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Bee: H.
• lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H.
• zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang* Maxx): 2.8 to 4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H. 

IRAC Group 4:

• acetamiprid (Assail 30SG): 5.3 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 4A.

IRAC Group UN:

• azadirachtin (Azatin O^OG): 4 to 16 oz/A foliar or drench, 4 to 16 oz/100 gal in greenhouses; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. When using lower rates, combine with adjuvant for improved spray coverage and translaminar uptake. Use against young larvae before boring or tunneling in the plant.

Squash Bug (Anasa tristis)

Squash bug adults are grayish-brown, hard, flat-backed insects, 0.5"–0.75" long, with long legs and antennae. Adults often hide around the base of the plant or under plastic mulch and are hard to target with sprays. Eggs are shiny, smooth, reddish-brown and seed-shaped and are usually deposited on the leaves in an organized, neatly-spaced pattern, in groups of 10–20. The soft-bodied nymphs are grey with dark-brown or black heads, antennae, and legs. Adults survive the winter in sheltered sites along field margins or under plant debris within fields. Both adults and nymphs have needle-like mouthparts that they use to extract plant juices. The plant vascular system may become clogged as a result of the feeding damage, causing the plant to wilt, darken, and die—a disorder called Anasa wilt. They may also spread cucurbit yellow vine decline, a common Southwestern bacterial disease that has been found in a few isolated places in CT and MA.

Among cucurbits, the crops that are most susceptible and attractive to squash bug are yellow summer squash, zucchini, Hubbard squash, and pumpkin, especially thick-stemmed types. Watermelon, cucumber, muskmelon and butternut resist damage and also provide poor food quality for adult and nymph survival. Squash bugs are greatly reduced by crop rotation at least 1/4 mile from previous cucurbit crops. Clean cultivation also reduces the attractiveness of the crop, while use of mulches and reduced-tillage favors squash bug survival. Keep headlands mowed and free of trash to reduce overwintering sites. Systemic furrow, drip, or seed treatments and sprays for cucumber beetle (including bifenthrin) at the seedling stage often control colonizing squash bug adults. Placing row covers at seeding or transplanting prevents access by squash bug until blooming, when covers need to be removed.

Scout undersides of leaves for squash bug adults and eggs and treat if egg masses exceed 1 per plant. Time squash bug sprays to kill young nymphs which are easiest to control. Thorough coverage is necessary. As this often coincides with the bloom period, treat late in the day to reduce risk to bees and select products with lower bee toxicity.

IRAC Group 1:

• carbaryl (Sevin XLR Plus): 1 qt/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 1A. Do not apply to crops or weeds in bloom. 

IRAC Group 3:

• alpha-cypermethrin (Fastac* CS): 3 to 3.8 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 2.6 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• esfenvalerate (Asana* XL): 5.8 to 9.6 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• fenpropathrin (Danitol* 2.4EC): 10.66 to 16 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 24h, Bee: H. May be combined with Belay (see label for rates and increased PHI). 
• gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.02 to 1.54 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Bee: H.
• lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior* II): 1.28 to 1.92 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 24h, Bee: H.
• permethrin (Pounce* 25WP): 12.8 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• pyrethrin (PyGanic EC5.0^OG): 4.5 to 15.61 oz/A, or 0.25 to 0.50 oz/gal and 3 gal/1000 sq ft in greenhouse for backpack sprayers; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M.
• zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang* Maxx): 2.8 to 4 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H. 

IRAC Group 4:

• acetamiprid (Assail 30SG): 5.3 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 4A. Most effective on newly laid eggs and nymphs.
• dinotefuran (Venom): 1 to 4 oz/A foliar, 5 to 7.5 oz/A soil; PHI 1d foliar, 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Do not apply to vegetables grown for seed.
• flupyradifurone (Sivanto): 10.5 to 14 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 4D. Foliar applications only.

IRAC Group 30:

• isocycloseram (Incipio): 2.1 to 4.1 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H. Do not treat plants grown for transplanting. Not for use in greenhouses.

IRAC Group UN:

• azadirachtin (Azatin O^OG): 4 to 16 oz/A foliar or drench, 4 to 16 oz/100 gal in greenhouses; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. When using lower rates, combine with adjuvant for improved spray coverage and translaminar uptake.

Two-spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae)

See the Eggplant insect control section for information on two-spotted spider mites.

IRAC Group 3:

• bifenthrin (Brigade* 2EC): 5.1 to 6.4 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: H.
• fenpropathrin (Danitol* 2.4EC): 10.66 to 16 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 24, Bee: H. 
• gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.54 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Bee: H. Suppression only.

IRAC Group 6:

• abamectin (Agri-Mek* SC): 1.75 to 3.5 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: H. 

IRAC Group 8:

• sodium tetraborohydrate decahydrate (Prev-AM): 50 oz/100 gal; REI 24h, Bee: L, Group 8D. Do not apply in midday sun or mix with copper.

IRAC Group 20:

• bifenazate (Acramite 50WS): 0.75 to 1 lb/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 20D.

IRAC Group 23:

• spiromesifen (Oberon 2SC): 8.5 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: M. Effective against egg and immature stages.

IRAC Group UN:

• insecticidal soap (M-Pede^OG): 1.25 to 2.5 oz/gal water; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L. Use of a companion insecticide is recommended for enhanced and residual control. Do not mix with sulfur. 
• Metarhizium anisopliae Strain F52 (Met 52 EC): 40 to 80 oz/100 gal drench, 8 to 64 oz/A foliar; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L.
• mineral oil (SuffOil-X^OG): 1 to 2 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply as needed.
• neem oil (Trilogy^OG): 0.5% to 2% solution in 25 to 100 gal water/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: M.

Whiteflies

See the Tomato, Outdoor insect control section for information on whiteflies.

IRAC Group 3:

• beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid* XL): 2.8 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: H. Suppression of adults only.
• gamma-cyhalothrin (Declare*): 1.54 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Bee: H. See resistance statement on label. Suppression only.
• pyrethrin (PyGanic EC5.0^OG): 4.5 to 15.61 oz/A, or 0.25 to 0.50 oz/gal and 3 gal/1000 sq ft in greenhouse for backpack sprayers; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M.

IRAC Group 4:

• acetamiprid (Assail 30SG): 2.5 to 5.3 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: M, Group 4A.
• dinotefuran (Safari 20SG): 3.5 to 7 oz/100 gal, 7 to 14 oz/A, 0.16 to 0.32 oz/1,000 sq ft.; REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Squash transplants only, while in greenhouse. Not for field use.
• dinotefuran (Venom): 1 to 4 oz/A foliar, 5 to 7.5 oz/A soil; PHI 1d foliar, 21d soil, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Do not apply to vegetables grown for seed.
• flupyradifurone (Sivanto): 10.5 to 14 oz/A foliar, 0.34 oz/10,000 plants on seedling transplants in the greenhouse (tray drench); PHI 1d foliar, PHI 21d greenhouse, REI 4h, Bee: L, Group 4D. Foliar and greenhouse applications only.
• imidacloprid (Admire Pro): 7 to 10.5 oz/A soil; 0.44 oz/10,000 plants on seedling transplants in greenhouse (tray drench); PHI 21d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Not for foliar applications.
• thiamethoxam (Platinum 75SG): 1.66 to 3.67 oz/A; PHI 30d, REI 12h, Bee: H, Group 4A. Systemic insecticide used at planting.

IRAC Group 7:

• pyriproxyfen (Knack): 8 to 10 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 7C. Apply when whiteflies reach economic threshold. Higher water volumes provide improved control. Does not control adults.

IRAC Group 8:

• sodium tetraborohydrate decahydrate (Prev-AM): 50 oz/100 gal; REI 24h, Bee: L, Group 8D. Do not apply in midday sun or mix with copper.

IRAC Group 9:

• afidopyropen (Sefina): 14 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L, Group 9D.

IRAC Group 23:

• spiromesifen (Oberon 2SC): 8.5 oz/A; PHI 7d, REI 12h, Bee: M. Effective against egg and immature stages.

IRAC Group 28:

• cyantraniliprole (Exirel): 13.5 to 20.5 oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Bee: H. For best performance, use with an effective adjuvant.
• cyantraniliprole (Verimark): 6.75 to 13.5 oz/A at planting, 10 oz/A chemigation; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: H. Allow 1–3 days for control to be translocated into the aerial portions and to fully protect transplants following an at-plant application. Allow 2–5 days for chemigation. Chemigation allowed during first half of crop growing cycle.

IRAC Group 29:

• flonicamid (Beleaf 50SG): 2.8 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L. Suppression of greenhouse whitefly only.

IRAC Group UN:

• Chenopodium extract (Requiem EC): 2 to 3 qt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply before pests reach damaging levels.
• Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1 (Grandevo^OG): 2 to 3 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: M.
• insecticidal soap (M-Pede^OG): 1.25 to 2.5 oz/gal water; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Bee: L. Use of a companion insecticide is recommended for enhanced and residual control. Do not mix with sulfur. 
• Metarhizium anisopliae Strain F52 (Met 52 EC): 40 to 80 oz/100 gal drench, 8 to 64 oz/A foliar; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L.
• mineral oil (SuffOil-X^OG): 1 to 2 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Bee: L. Apply as needed.