See section Soil Fumigation Outdoors in the Disease Management section. Proper use of Vapam can provide weed control and will be more economical if multiple plantings are used.
Stale Seedbed
The following herbicides are nonselective and are used to control weeds which are present in a field prior to planting or before the crop emerges, which is especially useful for the Stale Seedbed Technique (see the Weed Management section for more information).
- glyphosate (Roundup Power Max): PHI 14d, REI 4h, Group 9.
- pelargonic acid (Scythe): PHI 1d, REI 12h, Group 0.
Preemergent Herbicides (before weeds germinate)
HRAC Group 3:
trifluralin (Treflan HFP): 1 to 1.5 pt/A. REI 12h. 1 application per year. Apply and incorporate before planting; a second incorporation pass in the opposite direction may be required.
Postemergent Herbicides (after weeds germinate)
HRAC Group 0:
pelargonic acid (Scythe): 3 to 10% solution. PHI 1d, REI 12h. Apply for vegetative burndown during site preparation, prior to crop emergence from soil, as a directed and shielded spray, or as a harvest aid. Contact with crop will cause damage.
HRAC Group 1:
clethodim (Select Max): 9 to 16 fl oz/A. PHI 15d, REI 24h. Do not exceed 32 fl oz/A per year. Apply to actively growing grasses.
sethoxydim (Poast): 0.5 to 2.5 pt/A. PHI 14d, REI 12h. 1 application per year. Apply to actively growing grasses. BASF has stopped production and will discontinue the registration at the end of 2027.
HRAC Group 9:
glyphosate (Roundup Power Max): 10 fl oz to 3.1 qt/A. PHI 14d, REI 4h. Do not exceed 5 qt/A per year. Apply during fallow intervals, prior to planting, at planting, before crop has emerged, or to row middles with a hooded or shielded sprayer or wiper applicator.
HRAC Group 14:
carfentrazone (Aim EC): 0.5 to 2 fl oz/A. PHI 0d, REI 12h. Do not exceed 6.1 fl oz/A per season. Apply in emerged crops with hooded sprayer. Contact with crop will cause damage.