Disease Control : New England Vegetable Management Guide : UMass Amherst

NOTES: For the disease control products listed below, a product trade name and formulation are provided for each active ingredient (common name) as an example of rates, preharvest interval (PHI), restricted entry interval (REI), and special instructions. In many cases, there are other products available with the same active ingredient. Please see Table 26 and Fungicides and Bactericides Alphabetical Listing by Trade Name for more information on products with the same active ingredients.

The symbol ^OGindicates a product is listed by the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) as approved for use in organic production. See Organic Certification section for more details.

Anthracnose (Colletotrichum species)

Anthracnose is a problem on ripening fruit, but the fungus can also invade the stem tissues resulting in premature death. Rotate crops so nonhost crops are grown at least every other year. Control weed hosts. Stake plants or use mulch to reduce fruit contact with soil. Avoid overhead irrigation. Harvest fruit regularly to avoid excessively ripe fruit. Apply fungicides according to a disease forecasting system. Disease development, based on weather conditions near your farm, can be monitored on-line (www.newa.cornell.edu).

azoxystrobin (Quadris F): 5.0 to 6.2 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group 11. Do not rotate with other Group 11 fungicides. See label for precautions.
azoxystrobin plus chlorothalonil (Quadris Opti): 1.6 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & M05. See label for tank mix precautions.
azoxystrobin plus difenoconazole (Quadris Top): 7.5 to 8.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h,Groups 11 & 3.
azoxystrobin plus flutriafol (TopGuard EQ): 4.0 to 8.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 3 & 11. See label for tank mix precautions.
chlorothalonil (Bravo Weather Stik): 1.375 to 2.0 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group M05.
chlorothalonil plus phosphorous acid (Catamaran): 7.0 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 12, Groups M05 & P07. Apply to fruit. See label for restrictions. Not labeled for New Hampshire.
copper hydroxide (Kocide 3000): 0.75 to 1.75 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 48h, Group M01. Do not apply in a spray solution having a pH less than 6.5 or tank mix with Aliette.
difenoconazole plus benzovindiflupyr (Aprovia Top): 10.5 to 13.5 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h. Groups 7 & 3. Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a non-Group 7 fungicide.
difenoconazole plus cyprodinil (Inspire Super): 16.0 to 20.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 3 & 9. Do not use on varieties where the mature fruit is less 2 inches (ex. cherry tomatoes).
famoxadone plus cymoxanil (Tanos): 8.0 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & 27. Must be tank mixed with an appropriate contact fungicide with a different mode of action and alternated with a fungicide from a different group (FRAC Code) after one application.
flutriafol (Rhyme): 5.0 to 7.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12, Group 3. See label for mixing restrictions.
fluxapyroxad plus propiconazole (Priaxor Xemium): 4.0 to 8.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 7 & 11. DO NOT mix with any other products, adjuvants, additives, nutrients or anything other than water.
hydrogen dioxide plus peroxyacetic acid (Zerotol^OG): See label; PHI 0d, REI 1h, Group NC. Labeled as preventive and curative. See label for specific application instructions and dilution rates.
mancozeb (Dithane F45): 1.2 to 2.4 qt/A; PHI 5d, REI 24h, Group M03.
mancozeb plus copper hydroxide (ManKocide): 1.7 lb/A (processing); 1.0 to 3.0 lb/A (fresh market); PHI 5d, REI 48h, Groups M03 & M01.
mandipropamid plus difenoconazole (Revus Top): 5.5 to 7.0 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Groups 40 & 3. Addition of a spreading/penetrating adjuvant is recommended.
polyoxin D zinc salt (OSO 5%SC^OG, AKA Veggie Turbo 5 SC^OG): 6.5 to 13.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group 19.
pyraclostrobin (Cabrio EG): 8.0 to 12.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 11. Apply only 6 applications per season or 96 oz/A. Do not rotate with other Group 11 fungicides.
tetraconazole (Mettle 125ME): 6.0 to 8.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 3. Begin application before disease onset. Make no more than 2 consecutive applications. See label for restrictions.
ziram (Ziram 76 DF): 3.0 to 4.0 lb/A; PHI 7d, REI 48h, Group M03. Do not use on cherry tomatoes. See label for restrictions.

Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea)

Grey mold is a common disease of tomato and is particularly damaging in greenhouses where the relative humidity is high but can also be seen in the field in humid or wet years. The pathogen infects leaves, stems, petioles, and fruit. Ghost spots develop when the pathogen invades the fruit then ceases growth prior to causing decay; the resulting white to yellow rings can make fruit unmarketable. Injured transplants can develop gray mold infections of the stem which girdle the plant and cause plant death. Reduce plant wetness by avoiding overhead irrigation. Fungicides are useful in protecting fruit; a diversity of fungicides with different modes of action must be used as Botrytis commonly develops fungicide resistance. Many products labeled for leaf spots will also provide some control for gray mold. See: Leaf Spots.

fluopyram plus difenoconazole (Luna Flex): 8.0 to 13.6 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 3 & 7.
penthiopyrad (Fontelis): 16.0 to 24.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 7.
polyoxin D (OSO 5%SC^OG, AKA VeggieTurbo 5 SC^OG): 6.5 to 13.0 fl ox/A; Phi 0d, REI 4h, Group 19.
pyrimethanil (Scala SC): 7.0 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Group 9.
Ulocladium oudemansii U3 strain (BotryStop WP^OG): 2.0 to 4.0 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group NC. Begin application when conditions are conducive to disease development.

Leaf Spots: Early Blight (Alternaria solani) and Septoria leaf spot (Septoria lycopersici)

Early blight and Septoria leafspot are very destructive on tomato. Both diseases may occur together, and both may be seedborne. Hot water treat seeds at 122ºF for 25 minutes to destroy potential seed-borne pathogens. Plow under plant debris after harvest. Rotate away from tomatoes for at least 2 years. Provide optimum nutrition throughout the season. Stake tomatoes to improve air circulation and use mulch to prevent rainsplash. If planting in an area with a history of either disease, begin fungicide applications before disease is evident, usually when first fruit are half grown or approximately the first week of July. Follow fungicide intervals recommended by a disease forecasting system (TOMCAST) if weather and forecast data are available in your region. Disease development, based on weather conditions near your farm, can be monitored on-line (www.newa.cornell.edu).

azoxystrobin (Quadris F): 5.0 to 6.2 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group 11. Do not apply more than 1 application before alternating with a non-Group 11 fungicide. See label for other precautions.
azoxystrobin plus chlorothalonil (Quadris Opti): 1.6 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & M05. See label for tank mix precautions.
azoxystrobin plus difenoconazole (Quadris Top): 7.5 to 8.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & 3.
azoxystrobin plus flutriafol (TopGuard EQ): 4.0 to 8.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 3 & 11.
Bacillus mycoides Isolate J (LifeGard LC^OG): 1 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4, Group P06.
Bacillus pumilis Strain QST 2808 (Sonata^OG): 2.0 to 4.0 qt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4, Group BM02.
Bacillus subtilis Strain QST 713 (Serenade Opti^OG): 14.0 to 20.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4, Group BM02. Not for Septoria leaf spot.
chlorothalonil (Bravo Weather Stik, AKA Bravo 720 SC): 1 3/8 to 2.0 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group M05.
chlorothalonil plus phosphorous acid (Catamaran): 4.5 to 5.5 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups M05 & P7.
copper hydroxide (Kocide 3000): 0.75 to 1.75 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 48h, Group M01. Do not apply in a spray solution having a pH less than 6.5 or tank mix with Aliette.
cyprodinil plus fludioxonil (Switch 6.25 WG): 11.0 to 14.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 9 & 12.
difenoconazole plus benzovindiflupyr (Aprovia Top): 10.5 to 13.5 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12. Groups 7 & 3. Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a non-Group 7 fungicide.
difenoconazole plus cyprodinil (Inspire Super): 16.0 to 20.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 3 & 9. Do not use on varieties where the mature fruit is less than 2 inches (ex. cherry tomatoes).
famoxadone plus cymoxanil (Tanos): 6.0 to 8.0 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & 27. Must be tank mixed with an appropriate contact fungicide with a different mode of action and alternated with a fungicide from a different group (FRAC Code) after one application. Do not alternate with Quadris, Cabrio, or Flint.
fenamidone (Reason 500 SC): 5.5 to 8.2 fl oz/A; PHI 14d, REI 12h, Group 11. Do not make more than one application before rotating to a fungicide from a different resistance management group (not Group 11).
fluopyram (Velum Prime): 5.0 to 6.8 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 7. Do not make more than 2 applications per year.
fluopyram plus pyrimethanil (Luna Tranquility): 11.2 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Group 7 & 9.
flutriafol (Rhyme, AKA Flutriafol 250 G/L SC): 3.5 to 7.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12, Group 3.
fluxapyroxad plus propiconazole (Priaxor Xemium): 4.0 to 8.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 7 & 11.
hydrogen dioxide plus peroxyacetic acid (ZeroTol 2.0^OG, AKA Oxidate 2.0^OG): See label; PHI 0d, REI 1h, Group NC. Use as a preventive or curative. See label for application instructions and specific dilution rates.
mancozeb (Dithane F45): 1.2 to 2.4 qt/A; PHI 5d, REI 24h, Group M03.
mancozeb plus copper hydroxide (ManKocide): 1.7 lb/A (processing); 1.0 to 3.0 lb A (fresh market); PHI 5d, REI 48h, Groups M03 & M01.
mancozeb plus zoxamide (Gavel 75DF): 1.5 to 2.0 lb/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Groups M03 & 22. Add Latron surfactants to improve performance.
mandipropamid plus difenoconazole (Revus Top): 5.5 to 7.0 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Groups 40 & 3. Addition of a spreading/penetrating adjuvant is recommended.
penthiopyrad (Fontelis): 16.0 to 24.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 7.
polyoxin D (OSO 5%SC^OG, AKA VeggieTurbo 5 SC^OG): 6.5 to 13.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group 19.
propamocarb HCl (Previcur Flex): 0.7 to 1.5 pt/A; PHI 5d, REI 12h, Group 28. See label for tank mixture and restrictions.
pyraclostrobin (Cabrio EG): 8.0 to 12.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 11. Do not rotate with other Group 11 fungicides.
pyrimethanil (Scala SC): 7.0 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Group 9. Use only in a tank mix with another fungicide labeled for control of early blight. Using with a protectant fungicide (M3 or M5) will expand the spectrum of activity adding control of late blight and Septoria leaf spot.
tetraconazole (Mettle 125ME): 6.0 to 8.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 3. Begin application at onset of disease. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before switching to different Group.
trifloxystrobin (Flint): 2.0 to 3.0 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Group 11. Do not rotate with other Group 11 fungicides.
ziram (Ziram 76 DF): 3.0 to 4.0 lb/A; PHI 7d, REI 48h, Group M03.

Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)

Protectant fungicides are a key tool for management; however, many strains of P. infestans have become resistant to mefenoxam. When resistant strains are present, and/or when conditions are favorable for disease and late blight has been reported in the region, newer targeted fungicides are recommended. Disease development, based on weather conditions near your farm, can be monitored on-line (www.newa.cornell.edu). Disease progression throughout the US can also be monitored (www.usablight.org). Avoid the use of overhead irrigation. Promptly plow under old tomato fields after harvest. Eliminate cull piles and volunteer plants of both tomato and potato. Some resistant cultivars are available.

ametoctradin plus dimethomorph (Zampro): 14.0 fl oz/A; PHI 4d, REI 12h, Groups 45 & 40.
azoxystrobin (Quadris F): 6.2 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group 11. Do not rotate with other Group 11 fungicides. See label for precautions.
azoxystrobin plus chlorothalonil (Quadris Opti): 1.6 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & M05. See label for tank mix precautions.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 (DoubleNickel 55^OG): 0.25 to 3.0 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 4 h, Group BM02. Use for disease suppression only. For improved control; mix or rotate with a chemical fungicide.
Bacillus mycoides Isolate J (LifeGuard LC^OG): 1.0 gal/100 gal of water/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group P06.
chlorothalonil (Bravo Weather Stik, AKA bravo 720 SC): 1.375 to 2.0 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group M05. See label for fruit rot.
chlorothalonil plus phosphorous acid (Catamaran): 4.5 to 5.5 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups M05 & P07. See labels for rates.
copper hydroxide (Kocide 3000): 0.75 to 1.75 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 48h, Group M01. Do not apply in a spray solution having a pH less than 6.5 or tank mix with Aliette.
cyazofamid (Ranman 400 SC): 2.1 to 2.75 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 21. Begin applications when forecast systems (NEWA) predict disease infection periods. Use the lowest rates and longest intervals when disease pressure is low. Use the highest rates and shortest spray intervals when late blight is present in the area. Do not make more than 3 consecutive sprays, then follow with three or more applications of fungicides with a different Group #. If other diseases are present, tank mix with a Group M3 or M5 fungicide.
cymoxanil (Curzate 60 DF): 3.2 to 5.0 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Group 27. Use only in combination with a labeled rate of a protectant fungicide (copper, chlorothalonil).
cymoxanil plus chlorothalonil (Ariston): 1.9 to 3.0 pt/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Groups 27 & M05. See label for foliage and fruit application rates
dimethomorph (Forum): 6.0 fl oz/A; PHI 4d, REI 12h, Group 40. Must be applied as a tank mix with another fungicide with a different mode of action. Do not make more than two consecutive applications of Forum before alternating to a non-Group 15 fungicide.
famoxadone plus cymoxanil (Tanos): 8.0 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & 27. Must be tank mixed with an appropriate contact fungicide with a different mode of action and alternated with a fungicide from a different group (FRAC Code) after one application.
fenamidone (Reason 500 SC): 5.5 to 8.2 fl oz/A; PHI 14d, REI 12h, Group 11. Do not make more than one application before rotating to a fungicide from a different resistance management group (not Group 11).
fluopicolide (Presidio 4SC): 3.0 to 4.0 fl oz/A; PHI 2d, REI 12h, Group 43. Must be tank mixed with a fungicide with a different mode of action.
mancozeb (Dithane F45): 1.2 to 2.4 qt/A; PHI 5d, REI 24h, Group M03.
mancozeb plus copper hydroxide (ManKocide): 1.7 lb/A (processing); 1.0 to 3.0 lb A (fresh market); PHI 5d, REI 48h, Groups M03 & M01.
mandipropamid plus difenoconazole (Revus Top): 5.5 to 7.0 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Groups 3 & 40. The addition of a spreading/penetrating type adjuvant is recommended
mefenoxam plus chlorothalonil (Ridomil Gold Bravo SC): 2.5 pt/A; PHI 7d, REI 48h, Groups 4 & M05.
mefenoxam plus manzate (Ridomil Gold MZ): 2.5 lb./A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Groups 4 & M03. Do not plant any crop which is not registered for use with Ridomil Gold active ingredient in treated soil for a period of 12 months.
oxathiapiprolin plus chlorothalonil (Orondis Opti): 1.75 to 2.5 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups M05 & 49.
oxathiapiprolin (Orondis Opti A/Orondis Ultra A): 2.0 to 4.8 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group 49.
potassium phosphite (ProPhyt): 4.0 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group P07. Apply at first report of late blight in your area and use shortest interval. Thorough coverage is essential. Apply in tank mix with contact products like chlorothalonil (Group M05) or mancozeb (Group M03). Read label: rates vary between products.
polyoxin D zinc salt (OSO 5%SC^OG, AKA VeggieTurbo 5 SC^OG): 6.0 to 13.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group 19. For late blight suppression only.
propamocarb HCl (Previcur Flex): 0.7 to 1.5 pt/A; PHI 5d, REI 12h, Group 28.
pyraclostrobin (Cabrio EG): 8.0 to 16.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 11. Do not rotate with other Group 11 fungicides.
trifloxystrobin (Flint): 4.0 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Group 11. Apply in a tank mixture with 75% of a labeled rate of a protectant fungicide. Do not rotate with other Group 11 fungicides.
zoxamide + chlorothalonil (Zing!): 30.0 to 36.0 fl oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 12h, Groups 22 & M05.
zoxamide plus mancozeb (Gavel 75 DF): 1.5 to 2.0 lb/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Groups 22 & M03.

Phytophthora Blight and Watery Fruit Rot (P. capsici, Pythium spp.)

Phytophthora fruit infections are called buck-eye rot and Pythium fruit infections, which usually infect ripe fruit, are called watery fruit rot. To avoid fruit rots, keep plant tops dry by avoiding overhead irrigation and using drip irrigation instead. Prepare the soil and beds so as to enhance drainage and avoid planting in low areas. Stake plants and/or use mulches to minimize fruit contact with the soil. Fungicides may be used to control crown, foliar, and fruit infections. See Late Blight and Pepper Phytophthora sections.

Powdery Mildew (Oidium neolycopersici)

Powdery mildew is a relatively new disease of tomato in the Eastern United States. It is more common in the greenhouse than in the field, but in either case it can cause early plant senescence and reduced yields. Powdery mildews are obligate parasites and survive on overwintering tomato, alternate weed hosts, or perhaps as sexual fruiting bodies. Promptly plow under tomato crop debris after harvest. Control volunteer tomatoes and Solanaceous weeds.

azoxystrobin (Quadris F): 5.0 to 6.2 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group 11. Do not rotate with other Group 11 fungicides. See label for precautions.
azoxystrobin plus chlorothalonil (Quadris Opti): 1.6 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & M05. See label for tank mix precautions.
azoxystrobin plus flutriafol (TopGuard EQ): 4.0 to 8.0oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & 3. See label for tank mix precautions.
Bacillus pumilis Strain QST 2808 (Sonata ASO^OG): 2.0 to 4.0 qt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4, Group BM02.
cyprodinil plus fludioxonil (Switch 6.25 WG): 11.0 to 14.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 9 & 12.
difenoconazole plus benzovindiflupyr (Aprovia Top): 10.5 to 13.5 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12. Groups 7 & 3. Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a non-Group 7 fungicide.
difenoconazole plus cyprodinil (Inspire Super): 16.0 to 20.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 3 & 9. Do not use on varieties where the mature fruit is less than 2 inches (cherry tomatoes).
fluopyram plus pyrimethanil (Luna Tranquility): 11.2 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Group 7 & 9. For disease suppression. See label for application timing.
flutriafol (Rhyme, AKA Flutriafol 250 G/L SC): 5.0 to 7.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12, Group 3.
fluxapyroxad plus propiconazole (Priaxor Xemium): 6.0 to 8.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 7 & 11.
hydrogen dioxide plus peroxyacetic acid (ZeroTol 2.0^OG, AKA Oxidate 2.0^OG): See label; PHI 0d, REI 1h, Group NC. Use as a preventive or curative. See label for application instructions and specific dilution rates.
mandipropamid plus difenoconazole (Revus Top): 5.5 to 7.0 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Groups 3 & 40. The addition of a spreading/penetrating type adjuvant is recommended.
metrafenone (Vivando): 10.3 to 15.4 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12 hr, Group 50.
myclobutanil (Rally 40WSP): 2.5 to 4.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 24h, Group 3. Observe a 30-day plant-back interval between last spray and the planting of new crops.
paraffinic oil (JMS Stylet-Oil): 3.0 to 6.0 qt/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group NC. Spray for thorough coverage of upper leaf surface. An organic formulation is available. Not labeled for New Hampshire.
polyoxin D (OSO 5%SC^OG, AKA VeggieTurbo 5 SC^OG): 6.0 to 13.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group 19.
potassium bicarbonate (MilStop^OG, AKA PB 133^OG): 2.0 to 5.0 lb/100 gal water/A; PHI 0d, REI 1h, Group NC. Use solution within 12 hours of preparation. Thorough crop coverage is required. See label.
sulfur (Microthiol Disperss^OG): 5.0 to 20.0 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 24h, Group M02. Do not apply when temperatures will exceed 90°F within three days of application.
tetraconazole (Mettle 125ME): 6.0 to 8.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 3. See label for restrictions.

White Mold, Timber Rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)

Sclerotinia survives for years in the soil, and has many vegetable hosts, but is particularly destructive to tomatoes. Rotate with corn or other grass species. Do not plant seed that is contaminated with sclerotia (survival structures). Encourage rapid soil drying by irrigating in the morning and/or using drip irrigation. Avoid excessive nitrogen levels and ensure adequate potassium fertility. Soil sterilization with chemical, steam, or heat treatments (solarization) can significantly reduce sclerotia (inoculum) in the soil. Research has shown promise from incorporating broccoli biomass or brassica cover crops and the biocontrol agent, Contans (NOTE: the current label for Coniothyrium minitans (LALStop Contans, Sipcam Agro) does not include tomato).

fluxapyroxad plus propiconazole (Priaxor Xemium): 4.0 to 8.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Groups 7 & 11. Use for suppression only.
fluopyram plus trifloxystrobin (Luna Sensation): 7.6 fl oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Group 7 & 11. For disease suppression. See label for timing.
Trichoderma asperellum (ICC 012) and T. gamsii (Bio-Tam 2.0^OG, AKA Bioten WP^OG): See label for rates and application methods; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group BM02.
pyraclostrobin (Cabrio EG): 12.0 to 16.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 11. Suppression only.

Bacterial Canker (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis), Bacterial Speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato), and Bacterial Spot (Xanthomonas spp.)

Bacterial canker is the most destructive bacterial disease of tomatoes in our region. All three bacterial diseases may be seedborne or may overwinter in crop debris in the field and on wooden stakes. Buy hot water treated seed or seed certified to be free of bacteria. Hot water seed treatment can be done at home; treat seed for 25 minutes at 122°F. Some lots of seed can be vulnerable to heat treatment. Always treat a small number of seed (50 to 100) of each lot before treating the remainder of the lot. See Hot Water Treatment of Seed in the Disease Management section. Avoid working in fields when plants are wet. Rotate out of tomatoes for at least 2 years. Use copper or streptomycin on plants before transplanting. Disinfect stakes before reusing.

acibenzolar-S-methyl (Actigard 50 WG): 0.33 to 0.75 oz/A; PHI 14d, REI 12h, Group P01. Apply to healthy, actively growing plants preventively. Plant defense activator.
Bacillus mycoides Isolate J (LifeGard LC^OG): 1.0 gal/100 gal water; PHI 0d, REI 4, Group P06. (Not labeled for bacterial canker).
Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713 (Serenade ASO^OG): 2.0 to 4.0 qt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group BM02. See label for specific instructions.
Bacillus subtilis v. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 (Taegro 2.0^OG): 2.6 to 5.2 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group BM02. Not labeled for bacterial canker.
copper hydroxide (Kocide 3000): 0.75 to 1.75 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 48h, Group M01. Do not apply in a spray solution having a pH less than 6.5 or tank mix with Aliette. An organic formula (Kocide 3000-O) is available.
copper sulfate (Cuprofix Ultra 40 Disperss): Rates and REI vary with products - see labels; PHI 0d, REI 48h, Group M01.
famoxadone plus cymoxanil (Tanos): 8.0 oz/A; PHI 3d, REI 12h, Groups 11 & 27. Must be tank mixed with an appropriate contact fungicide with a different mode of action and alternated with a fungicide from a different group (FRAC Code) after one application.
mancozeb (Dithane F45): 1.2 to 2.4 qt/A; PHI 5d, REI 24h, Group M03. Use a full rate of fixed copper in a tank mix with half to full rate of Dithane F45.
mancozeb plus copper hydroxide (ManKocide): 1.0 to 3.0 lb A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Groups M03 & M01. See label for specific rates.
potassium salts of phosphorous acid plus hydrogen oxide (Oxiphos): 2.5 to 5.0 qt/A; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group P07. Apply as dilute foliar spray or via irrigation applied immediately after planting. Do not exceed more than 2.5% v/v solution. See label for instructions and restrictions.
streptomycin sulfate (Agri-Mycin 17): 0.5 to 1.0 lb/50 to 100 gal; REI 12h, Group 25. For use on transplants only, prior to transplanting. NOT for field use.
zoxamide plus mancozeb (Gavel 75 DF): 2.0 lb/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Groups 22 & M03. Use full rate of a fixed copper tank mixed with a full rate of Gavel.

Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)

Many different strains of this virus occur, and the host range includes plants in more than 31 different families. In tomato, the symptoms include mosaic, mottling, leaf distortion, and stunting can be confused with tobacco mosaic as well as other virus diseases. The disease is spread by several species of aphids in a nonpersistent manner (only transmitted by a vector for a short period of time). Reduce weeds, especially chickweed, pokeweed, and milkweed, as much as practical. Insecticides will not control this virus. Isolate tomato fields from cucurbits especially where there has been a history of CMV. Resistant varieties cannot be recommended at this time.

Tobacco and Tomato Mosaic Virus (TMV, ToMV)

Several strains of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) exist including the closely related tomato mosaic virus (TomMV) strain. Symptoms on tomato can vary considerably as will the severity of disease and the effect on yield. Either strain can be seedborne or transferred from previously infected plant debris, weeds, transplants, other crops, or workers using tobacco products. Unlike other viruses, TMV and TomMV are easily spread from plant to plant by contact with hands and tools. Insects are not considered to be important vectors. Grow resistant varieties, which are widely available. Control weeds as much as practical. Hands and clothes soiled with tobacco or from weeding can transmit the virus. When working with plants, avoid wearing soiled clothes. Wash hands after weeding or smoking. Do not plant susceptible pepper or tomato varieties for at least 2 years on land that previously had TMV-infected crops. Handle plants as little as possible. Do not allow workers to use tobacco products while working with plants.

Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV)

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a recently identified virus infecting tomatoes, pepper, and possibly their relatives. Currently, there are no commercial tomato varieties that are tolerant to ToBRFV. Peppers with tolerance to TMV and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) have shown some tolerance. Leaf symptoms of ToBRFV include wrinkling with an accompanying mosaic pattern. The fruit has a brown calyx and is undersized with a rough surface. Fruit abortion may occur, and fruit may be blotchy and pale with brown, dead spots. ToBRFV spread and control is similar to TMV and ToMV. Good sanitation is the key to avoidance. ToBRFV can survive in plant debris and on stakes for long periods. There are no reports of transmission by aphids, leafhoppers, or white flies. There are no sprays effective in reducing the virus’s spread. Purchase certified seed from a reputable source, have greenhouse workers wash and sterilize hands and tools often. Dispose of symptomatic plants and plants within 5 feet of infected plants. Dispose of plants, trays, and media through incineration. There is rigorous testing of transplants, seeds and fruit to prevent the risk of the virus’ spread into the US. Confirmation of the virus requires laboratory identification testing.

Tomato Gray Leaf Spot (Stemphylium lycopersici, S. solani, and S. botryosum)

Gray leaf spot of tomato is caused by Stemphylium lycopersici, S. solani, and S. botryosum. Peppers and eggplant are also susceptible. Symptoms begin as small brown lesions that may or may not have a yellow halo. Severely affected leaves may turn yellow or brown and defoliate. Symptoms are seldom seen on petioles or stems, and fruit is not affected. Stemphylium species survive in infected crop debris and solanaceous weeds. They may also be seedborne. The optimum temperature for spore germination and disease development is 75-80°F. Management options include proper plant spacing and removal of lower leaves to increase air circulation. Avoid overhead watering if possible. Control weeds and remove volunteer Solanaceae plants from fields. Remove or plow under infected crop debris and rotate away from Solanaceous crops for at least 3 years. Plant tomato cultivars that have the Sm resistance gene.

azoxystrobin plus difenoconazole (Quadris Top): 8.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 11&3. See label for restrictions.
basic copper sulfate (Basic Copper 53OG):0.75 to 3.0 lb/A; PHI 0d, REI 48h, Group M01. May cause crop injury. See label for application restrictions. Not labeled for greenhouse use.
chlorothalonil (Echo 720):1.38 to 2.0 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group M05. Apply in sufficient water to obtain adequate coverage. Begin applications when dew or rain occur, and disease threatens.
chlorothalonil plus mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold Bravo SC): 2.5pt/A; PHI 7d, REI 48h, Group M05&4. Begin preventive applications early when conditions are favorable for disease. See label for additional restrictions.
chlorothalonil plus oxathiapiprolin (Orondis Opti (Premix): 1.75 to 2.5 pt/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group M05&49. See label for warnings and restrictions.
chlorothalonil plus zoxamide (Zing!): 36 fl oz/A; PHI 5d, REI 12h, Group M05&22. See label for warnings and restrictions.
copper hydroxide (Nu-Cop 50WPOG): 1.0 lb/A; PHI 1d, REI 48h, Group M01. May be used in greenhouse. See label for warnings and restrictions.
difenoconazole plus benzovindiflupyr (Aprovia Top): 10.5 to 13.5 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 3&7. See label for warnings and restrictions.
difenoconazole plus cyprodinil (Inspire Super): 16.0 to 20.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 3&9. Do not make more than 2 consecutive applications before alternating to a non- Group 7 fungicide. Use of a spreading adjuvant is recommended.
difenoconazole plus fluopyram (Luna Flex): 10.0 to 13.6 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 3&7. See label for warnings and restrictions.
fludioxonil plus pydiflumetofen (Miravis Prime): 9.2 to 11.4 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 7&12. Apply by ground, air or chemigation. Do not use in greenhouse.
fluopyram plus pyrimethanil (Luna Tranquility): 11.2 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Group 7&19. May be used in greenhouse. See label for application restrictions.
mancozeb (Dithane F-45 Rainshield):1.2 to 2.4 qt/A; PHI 5d, REI 24h, Group M03. Start applications when seedlings emerge, or transplants are set. See label for additional restrictions.
mancozeb plus copper (ManKocide):1.75 to 3.0 lb/A; PHI 5d, REI 24 or 48h, Group M03&M01. May be used in greenhouse. See label for application warnings and restrictions.
mancozeb plus zoxamide (Gavel 75DF):1.5 to 2.0 lb/A; PHI 5d, REI 48h, Group M03&22. See label for restrictions.
mandipropamid plus difenoconazole (Revus Top): 5.5 to 7.0 fl oz/A; PHI 1d, REI 12h, Group 3&40. Begin applications prior to disease development. Do not make more than 2 sequential applications before alternating to a different mode of action. See label for additional restrictions.
tetraconazole (Mettle 125ME): 6.0 to 8.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 3. See label for restrictions.
trifloxystrobin (Flint): 4.0 oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 11. Begin applications preventively. See label for application restrictions.

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV)

Do not raise tomato, pepper, eggplant, or cauliflower transplants in the same greenhouse as ornamentals. Monitor thrips and control as necessary. Symptoms include numerous small brownish ringspots, purpling and upward rolling of leaves, and stunting of leaves and plants. Fruit symptoms can include yellow ringspots but brown, necrotic sunken areas may form. Resistant varieties are not available at this time. The host range for TSWV is one of the largest of any virus. Hundreds of plant species are susceptible including many commercial floriculture crops.

Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Verticillium spp.)

Plant resistant varieties. Pre-plant treatment of soil with effective fumigants will give short-term control but will not completely eliminate the pathogens from fields. Rotate tomatoes with non-host crops such as corn or small grains to lower inoculum levels. Avoid bringing contaminated soil on equipment to new land.

fluopyram (Velum Prime): 5.0 to 6.84 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 7. Labeled for tomato Fusarium wilt and vine decline.
flutriafol (Rhyme, aka Flutriafol): 7.0 fl oz/A; PHI 0d, REI 12h, Group 3. For suppression only. Do not make more than 4 applications per year.
Trichoderma asperellum (ICC 012) and T. gamsii (ICC 080) (Bio-Tam 2.0^OG, AKA Bioten WP^OG): See label for in-furrow, drench, and broadcast rates; PHI 0d, REI 4h, Group BM02.

Disease Control